NATURAL AREAS AND REGIONS 



149 



adjacent; many fine waterfalls. Ford's 

 Terror, a branch of Endicott Arm, five 

 miles long, a quarter-mile wide, with 

 entrance 300 ft. wide; at its head a 

 glacier, recently tidal, now ending on 

 land, also several fine cataracts. Shores 

 of lower bay densely clothed with 

 spruce-hemlock forest; upper portions, 

 especially Ford's Terror, show all 

 successipnal stages. See John Muir: 

 Travels in Alaska, chapter on "Sum Dum 

 Bay." 



JuneautlF, 45 mi. south, gas-boat. 

 William S. Cooper. 



Knyg Lake. Lake, H nii. long, mi. 

 wide, draining into Stikine River by 

 outlet stream 3 mi. long; surrounded by 

 cliffs 3000 ft. high, with several water- 

 falls; a glacier enters upper end and dis- 

 charges very large icebergs. All stages 

 in plant succession following glacial 

 retreat; fine display of wild flowers 

 around lower end in early summer. 

 Along outlet stream may be seen all 

 stages of flood-plain succession, from 

 willow-cottonwood. through alder 

 thicket to spruce-nemlock forest. 



WrangellJ IT, 25 mi. up Stikine River, 



gas-boat and row-boat. William S. 

 Cooper. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



Cooper, W. S. The recent ecological 

 history of Glacier Bay, Alaska. I. 

 The interglacial forests of Glacier 

 Bay. Ecology, Vol. 4, pp. 93-128, 

 1923. II. The present vegetation 

 cycle, Ecology, Vol. 4, pp. 223-245. 

 III. Permanent quadrants at Glacier 

 Bay : An initial report upon a long- 

 study period. Ecology, Vol. 4, 

 pp. 355-365, 1923. (The first paper 

 cites papers dealing with the geology 

 of the Glacier Bay region.) 



Dice, L. R. The land vertebrate com- 

 munities of Interior Alaska. Univ. 

 of Mich., occ. papers Mus. Zool., 

 no. 86, 1920. 



Osgood, W. H. 1909 Biological in- 

 vestigations in Alaska and Yukon 

 Territory (North American Fauna 

 No. 30, 96 pages). I. East Central 

 Alaska; II. The Ogilvie Range, 

 Yukon; III. The MacMillan River, 

 Yukon. With special reference to 

 explorations made in 1903 and 1904. 



