NATURAL AREAS AND REGIONS 



283 



where the ancient arrow maker made his 

 arrowheads of sandstone." Extensive 

 outcropping of red quartzite; waterfalls; 

 small lakes. Pipestone, Pipestone 

 County. 



Wild Life and Game Refuges. In 

 addition to the State Parks, Minnesota 

 has set aside thousands of acres in vari- 

 ous parts of the state as Wild Life and 

 Game Refuges. These differ from the 

 State Parks in that they embrace land 

 which for the most part is privately 

 owned and is to some extent under 

 cultivation. 



Natural conditions are therefore not 

 preserved to the same degree as in the 

 State Parks especially so far as vegeta- 

 tion is concerned. 



Four of these refuges, however, are 

 absolute wild-life sanctuaries because all 

 wild life within their boundaries is 

 completely protected by law at all times. 

 These refuges are indicated on the 

 accompanying map as cross-shaded areas 

 enclosed by heavy black outlines. 



Their location and extent are as 

 follows: 



*Ramsey County Wild-Life Refuge. 

 (G7.) 5000 acres, glacial topography, 

 terminal moraines of Wisconsin drift, 

 embracing groves of mixed hardwood 

 forest, tamarack swamps, meadows, 

 lakes, ponds, and streams. Located in 

 N.W. Ramsey County. 10 mi. north of 

 St. Paul. 



*St. Croix River Wild-Life Refuge. 

 (G7.) Embraces 3000 acres of river 

 valley and river gorge, splendid mixed 

 hardwood forest with scattered white 

 pines, numerous cold springs and 

 streams. One of the richest regions of 

 the state for wild flowers as well as 

 Pteridophytes and Bryophytes. N.E. 

 Washington County. 5 mi. north of 

 Stillwater. 



*Martin County Wild-Life Refuge. 

 (G7. ) Embraces 760 acres of undulating 

 or rolling glacial till, numerous lakes 

 and streams; deciduous hardwood forest 

 mostly along streams and lakes. S.E. 

 Martin County, near Fairmont. 



* Morrison County Wild-Life Refuge. 

 No. 2. (G7.) Embraces 1060 acres. 

 Glacial topography. Moderately to 

 considerably rolling, low and swampy 

 areas alternating with moraines. Mixed 

 hardwood forest, near the border of con- 

 tinuous coniferous forest. S.W. Mor- 

 rison County. About 10 mi. S.W. of 

 Little Falls. 



The remaining Refuges of the state 

 afford uninterrupted protection for all 

 game animals as there are no open sea- 

 sons within their limits. 



The unprotected mammals and out- 

 lawed birds, however, may be hunted 



and killed at any time and this permits 

 of more or less shooting and disturbance. 

 Within this type of refuge, therefore, 

 there is not the complete freedom from 

 annoyance which obtains in the other 

 refuges and State Parks. 



Because of the fact that these refuges 

 are comparatively numerous and of 

 each of considerable area they are of 

 great importance to the wild life of the 

 state. On the accompanying map they 

 are indicated by parallel-line shading 

 within heavy black outlines. 



Areas which should be added to the 

 various classes of State Preserves on 

 account of their biologic and geologic 

 interest. 



Minnesota River Valley, near Savage. 

 An area of about 300 acres, embracing 

 heavily wooded north-facing bluffs, 

 with ravines and clear streams; wet 

 peaty meadows with Cypripedium candi- 

 dum, Cypripedium hirsutum, Cypripe- 

 dium parviflorum atad Sarracenia pur- 

 pur ea in great profusion. 



Minneapolis 10 mi. south. |-1 mi. 

 from Savage. Omaha R. R. and Elec- 

 tric Southern R. R. Dakota County. 



Purgatory Swamp. Covering an es- 

 timated area of 200 acres. Typical 

 tamarack swamp with a few ridges 

 covered with hardwood forest; contains 

 many elements of the coniferous forest 

 more particularly the northern swamps. 



Minneapolis 15 mi. west. \ mi. 

 north of Clear Springs Station on Minne- 

 tonka Electric R. R. 



*Crystal Lake. Approximately 40 

 acres. Glacial topography. Swamps, 

 lakes and streams; deciduous forest; 

 mostly elm, oak, maple and basswood, 

 with a rich herbaceous flora. 



Minneapolis 5 mi. north. One mile 

 from Robbinsdale. Mpls. & Robbins- 

 dale Electric R. R. Hennepin County. 



Moore Lake. An estimated area of 

 400 acres including a shallow, grassy, 

 lake about | mi. long. Shifting sand 

 dunes along west shore, in some places 

 moving into the lake; typical dune 

 vegetation. Many species of birds nest- 

 ing in the reeds of the lake. 



About 3 mi. north of Minneapolis. 



Cannon River valley. An area of 

 approximately 600 acres of river valley 

 at the junction of Belle Creek with the 

 Cannon River. Heavily forested north 

 slope, forested river and creek bottoms; 

 great profusion of spring flowers in 

 early May, and a great many species of 

 song birds. 



Redwing 12 mi. northwest. One to 

 two mi. southeast of Welch. Ch. & Gt. 

 Nor. R. R. Goohue County. 



Hemlock Grove. An area of 280 acres 

 in southern St. Louis County; Rough 



