NATURAL AREAS AND REGIONS 



299 



over the Canadian National or the 

 Quebec Oriental./. B. H., L. H. 



8. *Perce Rock. (A4.) Area of 2 

 acres in the Gulf of St. Lawrence with 

 only scant vegetation, with rocks and 

 cliffs and sea-coastal fauna. The near- 

 est railroad station is Cape Cove, Que- 

 bec, reached by the Canadian National 

 and the Quebec Oriental Railroads. 

 Hotel is at Perce", 9 mi. distant by bus. 

 J. B. H., L. H. 



9. Caughnawaga^ Indian Reservation. 

 (C4.) This contains an area untouched 

 by cultivation, but grazed, and showing 

 a typical development of the genus 

 Crataegus. A variety of wind-beaten 

 forms are to be seen and many endemic 

 varieties. It is 10 mi. from Montreal 

 bordering the Lachine Rapids. It is 

 accessible from Montreal by rail and 

 from Lachine by ferry. Bro. M.-V. 



10. St. Lawrence Island. (A4.) A 

 small island of boulder clay, flooded in 

 the spring. It shows typical hydro- 

 phytic argillaceous vegetation with 

 interesting zonation. The vegetation 

 is subject to injury from the mechanical 

 action of ice. It is about 3 mi. from 

 Montreal and is accessible by row-boat 

 from Longueuil. Bro. M.-V. 



11. Pine barren forest. (C4.) This 

 is a stand of Pinus divaricata on sand 

 dunes with Comptonia sweet fern, 

 Cyperus Houghtonii, Panicum Xantho- 

 physum and other unusual forms. This 

 is a rare feature in the north. 



This is accessible from the monastery 

 of La Trappe, near the village of Oka, 

 which is reached by boat from Lachine. 

 Bro. M.-V. 



12. Peat bog. (A4.) This bog in 

 Chambly County, near St. Hubert, is. 

 of the hochmoor type and is two mi. in 

 length. It was worked for peat in the 

 seventies and several stages in peat 

 formation can be observed. It is dis- 

 tant 7 mi. from Montreal and is easily 

 reached by the Grand Trunk Ry. Bro. 

 M.-V. 



13. Magdalen Islands. (04.) These 

 contain several sq. mi. of sand dunes 

 located at the eastern extremity of 

 Grande-Entree. The region is unglaci- 

 ated and has untouched associations of 

 dune and aquatic vegetation. There 

 are many endemic forms. Bro. M.-V. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



Bent. Life histories of American Birds, 



Vol. 2, p. 37. 

 Clarke. Seventh Annual Report of the 



Conservation Com. of Canada, 1915, 



p. 108. 

 Clarke. The Heart of Gaspe. 



Toverner. Cormorants in Relation to 

 Salmon, Bull, of the Geol. Surv. 



Toverner. Canadian Field Naturalist, 

 vol. xxxii, p. 21, no. 2. 



Townsend. Canadian Field Naturalist, 

 vol. xxxiv, nos. 4 and 5. 



19. NEW BRUNSWICK 

 BY B. E. CLARIDGE 



I. GENERAL FEATURES 



Topography 



For the most part, the surface of New 

 Brunswick is a gently undulating upland 

 with average elevations which vary in 

 different sections from several hundred 

 to approximately a thousand feet. The 

 main characteristic of the topography 

 is the even slope of the hills to the 

 complete network of drainage liner. 

 Relative elevations, on the average, 

 are not great with the exception that in 

 the north and northwest, dividing the 

 Tobique, Restigouche and Nepisguit 

 watersheds, are numerous ranges of high 

 hills with altitudes which in the majority 

 of cases are from 1200 to 2000 ft. These 

 ranges include some higher individual 

 peaks separated by narrow gorge-like 

 valleys in many situations. Bald Moun- 

 tain or Sagamook rises here to a height 

 of 2600 ft. which is the maximum for the 

 province. Along the Gulf of St. Law- 

 rence Coast the Bay of Chaleur and 

 Miramichi Bay, the land is compara- 

 tively low; the coast of the Bay of Fundy 

 is rocky and bold. The east coast for 

 nearly 20 mi. inland is somewhat flat 

 with numerous marshes. 



Geology 



The uplands of New Brunswick form 

 a part of the northern zone of the older 

 Appalachians with similar rock forma- 

 tions to those found in many parts of 

 northeastern United States. In the 

 northwestern part of the Province the 

 Silurian rocks, slates, and shales are 

 prevalent, while to the south and west 

 of this tract the Pre-cambrian rock 

 series predominate and include large 

 scattered granite masses. A narrow 

 area in the northeast which grows wider 



