316 



NATURALIST'S GUIDE TO THE AMERICAS 



with the exception of the timber wolf 

 (Cams tycoon}, moose, and caribou. 



Changes since settlement 



At present man's clearing and lumber- 

 ing operations only show in a minor 

 degree. They have changed, somewhat, 

 the composition of the forest types and 

 reduced temporarily the number of 

 larger vertebrates. All large streams 

 of the state are more or less polluted by 

 sewage and waste from factories. 



III. PRESERVED AREAS 



Plains and foothill regions 



1. Old growth white pine and hemlock, 

 50 acres belonging to New Hampshire 

 College, Durham, Strafford County. 

 50 to 80 ft. above sea-level. Red squir- 

 rels, ruffed grouse and deer are common. 

 Five minutes walk from B. & M. Rail- 

 road Station at Durham. 



2. Old growth white pine, Sutton, 

 Merrimac County. Area, 5 acres. Too 

 small to have a characteristic fauna. 

 500 ft. above sea level. Bradford B. 

 & M. Railway, 5 mi. north. Adminis- 

 tered by town and Society for the Pro- 

 tection of N. H. Forests. 



3. Old growth white pine, Conway, 

 Carroll County. The 10 acres owned by 

 S. P. N. H. F. is merely a part of a 100- 

 acre tract. 800 ft. above sea level. 

 Red squirrels, partridge and deer com- 

 mon. 10 minutes walk (east) from 

 North Conway station on B. &. M. 

 Railway. 



Northern hardwood and spruce regions 



1. White Mountain National Forest. 

 See account in National Forests of the 

 Eastern District. 



2. *The Crawford Notch State Forest. 

 6000 acres. Is an integral part of the 

 White Mountain National Forest (B4) 

 and handled in the same way although 

 under different management. The 

 Black Mountain State Forest, Benton, 

 Grafton County, is also merely a portion 

 of the White Mountain area. 



3. *Mount Monadnock State Forest. 

 (B4.) 1000 acres on the summit of Mt. 



Monadnock, Jaffrey, Cheshire County. 

 3000 to 5000 ft. above sea level. All 

 of it has been logged over but dense 

 second growth forests of spruce and 

 hardwoods exist. The old fauna has 

 largely returned. East Jaffrey, 5 mi. 

 west, B. & M. Railway. 



4. *Mt. Kearsarge. (B4.) State Forest, 

 on the 800 acres in Warner Merrimac 

 County, is of the same general char- 

 acter. 3000 to 4000 ft. above sea level. 

 Potter Place, 10 mi. north, B. & M. 

 Railway. 



5. *Mt. Cardigan State Forest. (B4.) 

 700 acres on Orange and Alexander, 

 Grafton County, have been cut and 

 burnt over for the most part. 3000 ft. 

 above sea level. Grafton, 7 mi. S.W., 

 B. &. M. Railway. 



6. *Mt. Sunapee State Forest. (B4.) 

 656 acres in Newbury, Merrimac County. 

 Is similar in character to the State 

 Forests on Monadnock and Kearsarge. 

 3000 to 4000 ft. above sea level. Mt. 

 Sunapee, 5 mi. north, B. & M. Railway. 



7. The Rhododendron Reservation. 300 

 acres, in Fitzwilliam, Cheshire County, 

 controlled by the Appalachian Moun- 

 tain Club is an area of cutover mixed 

 northern hardwoods and conifers mainly 

 notable for possessing much rhododen- 

 dron. 500 to 1000 ft. above sea level. 

 Fitzwilliam on the B. &. M. Railway is 

 5 mi. south 



2. VERMONT 



BY GEO. P. BURNS 



The State of Vermont consists of a 

 series of mountain ranges and valleys 

 running north and south. Only a few 

 of the mountain tops are above the 

 timber-line. The lower mountains and 

 all the mountain slopes were originally 

 covered with a dense forest growth made 

 up chiefly of spruce, fir, white pine, 

 maple, ash, birch, elm, cedar and beech. 



In the early forests lived the black 

 bear, raccoon, weasel, mink, otter, 

 timber wolf, red fox, lynx and beaver 

 in great abundance; while elk, moose 

 and Virginia deer were commonly seen. 

 Among the birds were the bald and 



