NATURAL AREAS AND REGIONS 



335 



sional; opossum, red fox, and common 

 smaller mammals. Summer bird fauna 

 abundant and varied, including ruffed 

 grouse, yellow-breasted chat, whippoor- 

 will, black duck, bald eagle, Cooper's 

 hawk, turkey vulture, cardinal and 

 Maryland yellow-throat (predominantly 

 Carolinian); 108 species listed by Silli- 

 man during two seasons. 



Elevation from Hudson tide water to 

 1314 ft. (Bear Mountain.) Reached by 

 West Shore and O. & W. R. R.'s from 

 Englewood, New Jersey, to lona Island 

 near Bear Mountain, 40 mi.; by boat 

 from New York City to Bear Mountain 

 landing, 45 mi., by the Erie R. R. to 

 Tuxedo, 40 mi., from New York City. 



Special facilities for camping, main- 

 tenance, and transportation provided by 

 the Palisades Interstate Park Commis- 

 sion, address 90 Wall St., New York City. 



References: 



Publications of the Palisades Inter- 

 state Park Commission. Bull. 10, 

 N. Y. S. Coll. Forestry and Rec- 

 reational Studies in Palisades In- 

 terstate Park, 1920. 



Silloway, P. M. Guide to Summer 

 Birds: Bull. No. 11, N. Y. S. Coll. 

 Forestry, 1920. 



4. * Allegheny State Park. (D3.) 

 Modified Allegheny Plateau forest; 

 about 6500 acres in southern New York 

 (Cattaraugus County) adjacent to Alle- 

 gheny River and embracing finest type 

 of deeply eroded Allegheny Plateau 

 highlands. 



Original forest cover of sugar maple, 

 beech, yellow birch, and notable occur- 

 rence of best white pine, hemlock, and 

 cucumber tree (Magnolia acuminata), 

 oaks, hickories, and tulip tree at lower 

 elevations. Original mammalian fauna 

 embraced large game animals (deer 

 and probably moose and wapiti) (Miller, 

 New York Mammals} ; bear, panther, 

 wild cat, lynx, and many smaller 

 mammals. 



Forest cover much modified, depleted 

 upland type, and mostly hardwood 

 species but with areas of natural climax 



forest conditions (except for depletion 

 of pine and hemlock); black bear and 

 deer still occur, the former scarce. 

 Birds characteristic of southern New 

 York uplands abundant; ruffed grouse, 

 native; pheasants introduced and hunted 

 under close restrictions. Small streams 

 and brooks of the uplands unpolluted. 



Elevation about 1400 to 2376 ft. 



Reached from Salamanca via Penna. 

 R. R. to Tunesassa, 15 mi. Special 

 camping facilities provided by the 

 Allegheny Park Commission, local mem- 

 ber, Hon. Albert Faucher, Salamanca, 

 N. Y. 



Publications of informational charac- 

 ter by the Commission. 



5. *Letchworth Park. (D3.) Modi- 

 fied stream, gorge and bluff vegetation. 

 About 1000 acres both sides of Genesee 

 River at Portage Gorge, near Portage, 

 New York. Typical mixed forest (Tran- 

 sition) of oaks, maple, beech, white 

 pine, and hemlock: north facing crest 

 of gorge with paper birch here out of 

 its usual range. More level areas much 

 modified by park improvements. No 

 large mammals; smaller mammalian and 

 bird fauna characteristic of Allegheny 

 Plateau region of New York, moderately 

 polluted stream, but not to extent of 

 eliminating game fish, elevation, 850 ft. 

 (below falls) to 1400 ft. ; deeply cut gorge. 



From Rochester 50 mi. southwest to 

 Portage via Penna. R. R., hotel (Letch- 

 worth Inn). Park Commissioner, Letch- 

 worth Park, N. Y. 



6. *Enfield Falls Reservation. (D4.) 

 Deep gorge habitat of Cayuga Lake 

 Basin; 387 acres of gorge and bluffs with 

 waterfalls, five miles southwest of 

 Ithaca, New York. Remnant of approx- 

 imately natural conditions favorable 

 for field study and employed for this 

 purpose by naturalists at Cornell Uni- 

 versity, 6 mi . Elevation 450 to 1000 ft. 

 Professor James G. Needham, Ithaca, 

 N. Y. 



7. * Clark Reservation. (D4.) Hart's 

 tongue fern (Scolopendrium vulgare) 

 habitat. About 100 acres adjacent to 

 and including Green Lake (a glacial 

 cataract plunge basin); modified forest 



