NATURAL AREAS AND REGIONS 



359 



responsible for the somewhat uniform 

 flora and fauna of the entire state. 



LOCATION OF UNPOLLUTED WATERS 



Contributed by Division of Fish 

 and Game, Ohio Department of Agricul- 

 ture, A. C. Baxter, Chief. 



Lakes. None of the state-owned lakes 

 are polluted, with the exception of Sum- 

 mit Lake, which is surrounded by the 

 city of Akron and which is badly pol- 

 luted. All others are in excellent con- 

 dition, and as far as the fish faunas 

 are concerned are practically in their 

 original condition. 



Streams. The headwaters of the Mus- 

 kingum above Zanesville and most of the 

 streams of the central and western parts 

 of the state, beginning with the Scioto 

 are in good condition and many of the 

 larger tributaries in this region are free 

 from any serious pollution. The east- 

 ern and southeastern sections of the 

 state, being concerned with coal mining 

 and manufacture of steel and iron 

 products, are in bad condition, many 

 of the streams being barren or nearly so. 



The headwaters of the Muskingum 

 above Zanesville and the region between 

 the Scioto and the Big Miami are prob- 

 ably the best in the state as far as 

 freedom from pollution is concerned. 



LITERATURE 



The citations given below represent 

 only a fraction of the works dealing 

 with the biota of Ohio. They are placed 

 here either because of their comprehen- 

 sive nature, or historical value in 

 reconstructing the picture of Ohio life. 



Bownocker, J. A. 1909. A Geological 

 Map of Ohio. (Scale, 8 mi. to 1 in.; 

 "shows counties, towns, townships and 

 cities, railroads, traction lines, canals 

 (including some of those abandoned), 

 streams, lakes and reservoirs, railroad 

 or river shipping coal mines, salt works, 

 Portland cement works, gypsum mines, 

 oil and gas producing territory, some 

 of the glacial geology, and the areal 

 geology. . . .") 



Brayton, A. W. 1882. Report on the 

 Mammalia of Ohio. Rept. Geol. Surv. 

 Ohio, IV, Pt. I: 1-186. 



Coffey, George N., Rice, Thomas D., 

 and party. 1915. Reconnaissance 

 Soil Survey of Ohio. U. S. Dept. Agr. 

 Bur. Soils. 



Cope, E. D. 1872. Zoological Sketch of 

 Ohio. 



Howe, Henry. 1896. Historical Col- 

 lections of Ohio. In two volumes. 

 (Arranged by counties ; contains many 

 notes concerning fertility of soil, for- 

 ests, and wild animals of pioneer days. 

 Includes "A Stage Coach Journey 

 across Ohio in 1834"; II: 193-197.) 



Dawson. Birds of Ohio. 



Jones, Lynds. 1903. The Birds of 

 Ohio. Ohio Acad. Science, Sp. 

 Paper, 6. 



Jordon, David L. 1882. Report on the 

 Fishes of Ohio. Rept. Geol. Surv. of 

 Ohio, IV; Pt. 1:735-1002. 



Morse, Max. 1904. Batrachians and 

 Reptiles of Ohio. Ohio Acad. Sci., Sp. 

 Paper no. 9. 



Osburn, Raymond C. 1901. Fishes of 

 Ohio. Ohio Acad. Science, Sp. Paper 

 no. 4. 



Schaffner, John H. 1914. Catalog of 

 Ohio Vascular Plants. (Includes dis- 

 tribution) Ohio Biol. Surv., Bull. 2. 



Smith, J. Warren. 1912. The Climate of 

 Ohio. Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 235. 



Smith, W. H. 1882. Report on the 

 Reptiles and Amphibians of Ohio. 

 Rept. Geol. Surv. Ohio, IV; Pt. I: 

 629734 



Sterki, V. 1907. A preliminary cata- 

 logue of the land and fresh-water 

 moluscs of Ohio. Ohio Acad. Science, 

 Sp. Paper no. 12. 



Wheaton, J. M. 1882. Report on the 

 Birds of Ohio. Rept. Geol. Surv. 

 Ohio, IV; Pt. 1:187-628. 



CAVES 



Caves occur in Ohio in the Silurian 

 (Niagara limestone), the Devonian 

 (Columbus limestone), and the Missis- 

 sippian (Berea sandstone and Black 

 Hand conglomerate). The caves in the 

 Berea sandstone and Black Hand con- 

 glomerate are not solution caverns, but 

 overhangs or peculiarly weathered crev- 

 ices and joints in cliffs; they are never 

 large, but some are very picturesque. 



Descriptions of caves 



Hocking County Caves. The Black 

 Hand conglomerate reaches its best 

 development in the Sugar Grove region 

 of Hocking County, and here forms high 

 cliffs. ' 'When first quarried this stone is 

 very friable, but on exposure it becomes 

 hard and durable. Thus it often hap- 



