NATURAL AREAS AND REGIONS 



387 



Michigan. Univ. Mich. Occ. Papers 

 Mus. Zool., no. 86. 



Gaige, F. M. 1914. Results of the 

 Mershon Expedition to the Charity 

 Islands, Lake Huron. The Formi- 

 cidae of Charity Island. Univ. Mich., 

 Occ. Papers Mus. Zool., no. 5. 



Gaige, Helen T. 1915. The amphib- 

 ians and reptiles collected by the 

 Bryant Walker Expedition to School- 

 craft County, Michigan. Univ. 

 Mich., Occ. papers Mus. Zool., no. 17. 



Gates, Frank C. 1912. The vegeta- 

 tion of the region in the vicinity of 

 Douglas Lake, Cheboygan County, 

 Michigan, 1911. Mich. Acad. Sci., 

 14th Ann. Rept. 46-106. 



Hankinson, T. L. 1908. A biological 

 survey of Walnut Lake, Michigan. 

 Mich. Geol. Surv., Ann. Rept., 1907: 

 153-288. 



Hankinson, T. L. 1916. Results of 

 the Shiras Expeditions to Whitefish 

 Point, Michigan: Fishes. Mich. 



Geol. and Biol. Surv., publ. no. 20, 

 Biol. Sev., no. 4, pp. 111-170. 



Harvey, LeRoy H. 1920. Some phyto- 

 geographical observations in Lake 

 County, Michigan, Mich. Acad. Sci., 

 21st Ann. Rept. 213-217. 



Hubbell, Theodore H. 1922. The Der- 

 maptera and Orthoptera of Berrien 

 County, Michigan. Univ. Mich., Occ. 

 papers, Mus. Zool., no. 116. 



Hussey, Roland F. 1922. Hemiptera 

 from Berrien County, Michigan. 

 Univ. Mich., Occ. papers Mus. Zool., 

 no. 118. 



Leverett, Frank. 1917. Surface geol- 

 ogy and agricultural conditions of 

 Michigan, with a chapter on climate 

 by C. F. Schneider. Mich. Geol. and 

 Biol. Surv. Publ. 25, Geol. Ser. 21. 



Leverett, Frank, and Taylor, F. B. 

 1915. The Pleistocene of Indiana 

 and Michigan and the history of the 

 Great Lakes. U. S. Geol. Surv., 

 Monograph., no. 53. 



Livingston, B. E. 1905. The relation 

 of soils to natural vegetation in 

 Roscommon and Crawford counties, 

 Michigan. Bot. Gaz., 39: 22. 



Livingston, B. E. 1903. The distri- 

 bution of the upland plant societies 

 of Kent County, Michigan. Bot. 

 Gaz., 35: p. 36. 



Nichols, George E. 1922. The Bryo- 

 phytes of Michigan, with particular 

 reference to the Douglas Lake region. 

 Bryologist, 25: 41-58. 



Peet, Max M. 1908. An ecological 

 study of the birds of the Ypsilanti 

 Bayou. Mich. Acad. Sci. 10th Ann. 

 Rept., pp. 162-196. 



Reed, H. S., and others. 1902-1911. A 

 botanical survey of the Huron River 

 Valley I-VIII. Bot. Gaz., 34-52. 



Ruthven, A. G., and others. 1911. A 

 biological survey of the sand dune 

 region on the south shore of Saginaw 

 Bay, Michigan. Mich. Geol. and 

 Biol. Surv., publ. 4, biol. ser. no. 2. 



Transeau, E. N. 1906. The bogs and 

 bog flora of the Huron River Valley. 

 Bot. Gaz., 40: 351-375, 418-448; 41: 

 17-42. 



Waterman, W. G. 1919. Development 

 of root systems under dune conditions. 

 Bot. Gaz., 68: 22-53. 



Wenzel, Orrin J. 1912. A collection 

 of mammals from Osceola County, 

 Michigan. Mich. Acad. Sci., 14th 

 Ann. rept., 198-205. 



Whitford, H. N. 1901. The genetic 

 development of the forests of northern 

 Michigan, a study in physiographic 

 ecology. Bot. Gaz., 31: 288-325. 



Wood, N. A., Smith, Frank, and Gates, 

 Frank C. 1916. The summer birds 

 of the Douglas Lake region, Cheboy- 

 gan County, Michigan. Univ. Mich., 

 Occ. papers Mus. Zool., no. 27. 



Wood, N. A. 1914. Results of the 

 Shiras Expeditions to Whitefish Point, 

 Michigan. Birds. Michigan. Acad. 

 Sci., 16th Ann. rept., 55-73. 



14. NATIONAL FORESTS OF THE 

 EASTERN DISTRICT 



BY E. H. FROTHINGHAM 



The eastern National Forests in 

 District 7 cover an aggregate net area 

 of 3,458,638 acres. About 42 per cent 

 of the area, situated principally in the 

 Arkansas, Ozark, and Florida National 

 Forests, was originally public domain 

 and became National Forest land by 

 presidential proclamation. Most of the 

 remainder was purchased under the act 

 of March 1, 1911 (the Weeks law). 



The forests may be conveniently 

 discussed under four geographical divi- 

 sions: The White Mountain, the South- 

 ern Appalachian, the Ozark, and the 

 Florida regions. Of these the Southern 

 Appalachian is the largest and most 

 complicated from an ecological stand- 

 point. 



THE WHITE MOUNTAIN REGION 



This region, lying principally within 

 the spruce-balsam-birch-area (Canadian 

 Life Zone) corresponds with the "spruce 

 and northern hardwoods region" recog- 

 nized in the report of the Committee on 



