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NATURALIST'S GUIDE TO THE AMERICAS 



in woods, ravines, etc.; Howell mole 

 (Scalopus aquations howelli), burrows, 

 *in sandy or loamy soil; Carolina short- 

 tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda caro- 

 linensis), hollow logs and stumps, 

 burrows in moist soil; Florida black 

 bear (Ursus floridanus), probably once 

 everywhere, now limited to the southern 

 swamps; southeastern wolf (Canis flori- 

 danus), once everywhere, now only in 

 mountain country; gray fox (Urocyon 

 cinereoargenteus cinereoargenteus), in all 

 sections; cougar (Felis couguar), once 

 occurred here; bob-cat (Lynx rufus 

 floridanus), mountains, swamps, and 

 thickets; New York weasel (Mustela 

 noveboracensis), scarce in mountainous 

 area; deer-mouse (Peromyscus leucopus 

 leucopus) timber tracts, upland woods, 

 hollow logs; cotton-mouse (Peromyscus 

 gossypinus), timbered region of the 

 entire state, both in mountains and 

 swamps; Florida woodrat (Neotoma 

 floridana floridana), common south of 

 Tennessee River in wooded bottoms and 

 swamps ; woodchuck or groundhog (Mar- 

 mota monax monax), northern part of 

 state, burrows under rocks or tree- 

 roots on steep wooded slopes; south- 

 western chipmunk (Tamias striatus), 

 northern two-thirds of state, in brush 

 and fallen timber on forested hillsides 

 and rocky slopes ; gray squirrel (Sciurus 

 carolinensis carolinensis) , mostly bot- 

 tomlands, also hillsides, not in pine; 

 Bachman fox squirrel (Sciurus niger 

 texianus), mountain regions, mixed 

 pine-hickory-oak forest, dry uplands; 

 southeastern flying-squirrel (Glaucomys 

 volans saturatus), in all sections, hollow 

 trees and stumps; eastern cottontail 

 rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus mallurus), 

 common, in open woodland; New Eng- 

 land cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus tran- 

 sitionalis), mountain slopes and foot- 

 hills; Virginia deer (Odocoileus vir- 

 ginianus virginianus) , once common 

 here, now confined to big swamps and 

 rough mountains; large brown bat 

 (Eptesicus fuscus fuscus), moderately 

 common in north, spends winters in 

 caves; red bat (Nycteris borealis bore- 

 alls), common, migratory, sometimes 



winters in caves or hollow trees; south- 

 eastern pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus 

 subflavus subflavus), common in north, 

 winters in caves ; evening bat (Nycticeius 

 humeralis), abundant, in winter prob- 

 ably hibernates; silver-haired bat 

 (Lasionycteris noctivagans), migrant, re- 

 sorts to hollow trees in day time ; mahog- 

 any bat (Nycteris seminola), common in 

 southern half of state, a tree-dwelling 

 species; hoary bat (Nycteris cinerea), 

 rare migrant, rests in hollow trees; 

 LeConte big-eared bat (Corynorhinus 

 macrotis), local, spends day in caves; 

 LeConte free-tailed bat (Tadarida cyno- 

 cephala) local in southern half, lives 

 about buildings. 



Birds (A. H. H.). Ruffed grouse, wild 

 turkey, Cooper's hawk, sharp-shinned 

 hawk, red-tailed hawk, red-shouldered 

 hawk, broad-winged hawk, great horned 

 owl, long-eared owl, hairy woodpecker, 

 downy woodpecker, pileated wood- 

 pecker, red-bellied woodpecker, flicker, 

 chuck-will's-widow, whip-poor-will, ruby- 

 throated hummingbird, crested fly- 

 catcher, wood pewee, blue jay, crow, 

 blue grosbeak, indigo bunting, painted 

 bunting, red-eyed vireo, yellow-throated 

 vireo, black and white warbler, worm- 

 eating warbler, parula warbler, cerulean 

 warbler, over-bird, Louisiana water- 

 thrush, Kentucky warbler, hooded warb- 

 ler, redstart, Carolina wren, white- 

 breasted nuthatch, tufted titmouse, 

 Carolina chickadee, blue-gray gnat- 

 catcher, wood thrush. 



Reptiles. (Only more common and 

 characteristic reptiles are listed.) Cha- 

 meleon (Anolis carolinensis), in large 

 bushes and small trees; glass snake 

 (Ophisaurus ventralis), burrowing; 

 ground lizard (Leiolopisma later ale), 

 under loose bark of fallen trees; scorpion 

 (Eumeces fasciatus) under loose bark 

 and under logs ; red-bellied snake (Store- 

 ria occipitomaculata) , under loose stones; 

 worm snake (Carphophis amoena), bur- 

 rowing, or in rotten tree-trunks or 

 vegetation; gray rat snake (Elaphe 

 obsoleta confinis), sometimes in trees; 

 green snake (Opheodrys aestivus), in 

 bushes and low trees; ring-necked snake 



