NATURAL AREAS AND REGIONS 



520 



As to best method of reaching Florissant 

 inquiry should be made at Colorado 

 Springs or at Cripple Creek. 



Shawnee Area. Few sq. mi. of moun- 

 tain coniferous forest, coniferous 

 savanna, xerophytic grassland, stream- 

 side mesophytic forest, mountain park 

 topography. A beautiful example of 

 low-altitude mountain park, although 

 not greatly different from others in the 

 vicinity. 



On the Platte Canyon line of the C. & 

 S. R. R. Hotel during summer. F. R. 



*Red Rock Lake Area. Many sq. 

 mi. mountain coniferous forest located 

 in the Colorado National Forest; trout 

 streams and sub-alpine lakes; among 

 these is Red Rock Lake which furnishes 

 beautiful illustration of zonation of 

 vegetation at a high elevation (10,000 

 ft. altitude). Beaver, deer, porcupine, 

 small mammals, numerous birds. Op- 

 portunities to study effect in the various 

 forest types of timber cutting, fires, 

 landslides, high winds. Vegetation of 

 Red Rock Lake and circum-areas de- 

 scribed in Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6: 

 33-167, 1909. 



About 2| mi. from Ward, Boulder, 

 County. Hotel at Ward. Reached by 

 auto stage from Boulder. 



Boulder Mountain Park. About 4000 

 acres of foothills including coniferous 

 forests of yellow pine and Douglas fir 

 with aspen groves, excellent examples 

 of canyon forest, rugged topography; 

 beaver, porcupine, and small mammals, 

 such as chipmunks and ground squirrels. 

 Preserved by the city of Boulder as a 

 part of its park system. Includes the 

 usually associated habitats found at 

 altitudes of 5500 to 8500 ft. The Uni- 

 versity of Colorado is located at Boulder. 

 Various publications on the plants and 

 animals of the district, especially A. G. 

 Vestal in Bot. Gazette, 64: 353-385, 1917; 

 also (for lists of animals, especially 

 invertebrates) see Cockerell in Univ. 

 of Colo. Studies, 12: 5-20, 1917, and 

 previous writings; for birds see numer- 

 ous contributions by Junius Henderson 

 in the various ornithological journals. 



The University museum is open 

 throughout the year. Boulder is on the 

 C. & S. R. R. and Interurban Line 



(Kite Route) 30 mi. n.w. of Denver. 

 Hotel accommodations. 



White Rocks. Few acres of sand steppe 

 with pine-ridge forest poorly developed. 

 It is an outcrop of white sandstone with 

 many plants not found elsewhere in the 

 vicinity. Good examples of plains short 

 grass association. Early vernal flora 

 especially interesting; largely charac- 

 teristic sand dwelling plants. 



In Boulder County, 8 mi. by motor-car 

 (U. P. R. R.) fronTthe city of Boulder. 

 F. R. 



Sand Hills of Eastern Colorado. Large 

 areas of sand hill country occur in 

 eastern Colorado especially along the 

 line of the Burlington Railway. Vegeta- 

 tion similar to that of the Nebraska 

 sandhills described by Pool in Minn. 

 Botanical Studies, 4: 189 et seq., 1914. 



The sand hills of Colorado may be 

 conveniently reached at Roggen or at 

 Wray on the C. B. & Q. R. R. east of 

 Denver. F. R. 



The Colorado Antelope Refuge. Cre- 

 ated in 1923, embraces about 100 sq. mi. 

 of grazing land in the northeast corner 

 of Larimer County. Toward the west- 

 ern boundary of the Refuge there are a 

 few pines and cedars, otherwise the land 

 is covered chiefly with grass. A few 

 springs and small streams afford suffi- 

 cient water. Some well-marked buttes 

 and mesas exist but, on the whole, the 

 Refuge may be described as rather level. 

 A few antelope have always been present 

 in the region. Pasturage of domestic 

 animals is not prohibited by the law 

 establishing the Refuge. F. Ramaley. 



5. WYOMING 

 BY JOHN W. SCOTT 



I. GENERAL FEATURES AND ORIGINAL 

 BIOTA 



Wyoming is especially characterized 

 by its extensive plains, its lofty moun- 

 tain ranges, and its numerous river 

 valleys. The elevation varies from 

 about 3100 ft. at one place on the eastern 

 border to 13,785 ft. in the Wind River 

 Mountains. The rainfall varies from 

 less than 6 in., in the Big Horn Valley 

 and in parts of the Red Desert, to 15 to 

 20 in. in eastern portions of the State: 



