NATURAL AREAS AND REGIONS 



533 



Bears are seen daily at the garbage 

 dumps of all the hotels and camps. 

 Most of the other wild animals have 

 their summer habitat higher up in the 

 mountains or in more remote regions of 

 the park. Tourists occasionally, but 

 not frequently, see deer, coyotes, ante- 

 lope, or elk. In winter, elk, antelope, 

 mule deer, white-tailed deer, and big- 

 horn sheep may be seen at the lower 

 levels near Gardiner. Part of the 

 tame herd of bison is kept in summer 

 in an enclosure near Mammoth Hot 

 Springs. Birds are most abundant 

 around the lakes or in open spaces. 



III. Present biotic conditions: There 

 is probably no species of animal or plant 

 entirely missing from the original biota. 

 The chief modification of the original 

 biota has been the introduction in the 

 streams of a number of game fishes. A 

 pamphlet by William C. Kendall, 

 entitled "Fishes of the Yellowstone 

 National Park," and published by the 

 United States Bureau of Fisheries, gives 

 information on this subject. 



IV. Pollution: With thousands of visi- 

 tors each year at each camp site, the 

 water in adjacent creeks and streams 

 is not safe to drink. Otherwise the 

 water supply provided is pure and 

 wholesome, and excellent regulations 

 are provided to keep it so. Rules for 

 the disposal of combustible rubbish, 

 garbage and refuse and for providing 

 other sanitary conditions are as strictly 

 enforced as is possible under present 

 management methods. 



V. Transportation, lodging, supplies: 

 The park has four entrances. It is 

 reached on the north at Gardiner, 

 Mont., by the Northern Pacific Railroad ; 

 on the west at West Yellowstone, Mont., 

 by the Union Pacific Railroad; on the 

 east by auto-stage (55.4 mi.) from Cody, 

 Wyo., connecting with the Chicago, 

 Burlington and Quincy Railroad; and, 

 on the south by daily automobile service 

 (178.7 mi.) from Lander, Wyoming, 

 which connects with the Chicago North- 

 western Railroad. Any one of the 

 entrances may be reached by motorists 

 over good automobile roads connecting 



with some of the main continental 

 automobile highways. A license fee is 

 charged. There are four hotels, five 

 permanent camps, and an automobile 

 transportation line, operated in the 

 park. However, every person may 

 provide his own means of transportation 

 and meals, subject to given regulations. 

 In the free camp grounds pure water is 

 supplied and wood is available. Auto- 

 mobile supplies may be obtained from 

 several authorized places in the park. 

 Various kinds of supplies may be ob- 

 tained at the general stores. Trans- 

 portation facilities in the park includes, 

 besides the regular automobiles on the 

 main park highways, saddle-horses, or 

 horses and guides from all hotels and 

 permanent camps. 



References: 



(1) Rules and Regulations of Yellow- 

 stone National Park. Annual pam- 

 phlet of the National Park Service 

 of the Department of the Interior. 

 Gives much useful and interesting 

 information in regard to animals 

 and plants and includes a full 

 bibliography of the park. 



(2) Fishes of the Yellowstone National 

 Park. By W. C. Kendall. Bureau 

 of Fisheries Document No. 818, 

 Department of Commerce. 



(3) Life Zone Investigation in W 7 yom- 

 ing. By Merritt Gary. North 

 American Fauna No. 42, Bureau 

 of Biological Survey, United States 

 Department of Agriculture. 



(4) The Birds of Yellowstone Na- 

 tional Park. By M. P. Skinner. 

 Roosevelt Wild Life Bull., 1925, 

 Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 1-192. 



(5) The Big Game Animals of Yellow- 

 stone National Park. Edmund Hel- 

 ler. Roosevelt Wild Life Bulletin, 

 1925, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 393-455. 



J. W. S. 



National Monuments in Wyoming 



* Devil's Tower National Monument. 

 The Devil's Tower is an almost vertical 

 shaft of igneous rock about 600 ft. in 



