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NATURALIST'S GUIDE TO THE AMERICAS 



species or varieties and not in genera, 

 though a Eutamias appears. 



Among the birds we find now the 

 Mearn's quail (restricted practically 

 to southern Arizona, however), Ste- 

 phen's whippoorwill, cuckoo, ash- 

 throated flycatcher, canyon wren, and 

 rock wren. 



The collared lizard is rather Upper 

 Sonoran than Lower Sonoran, and the 

 Gila monster occasionally is found here, 

 while new species of lizards of the desert 

 genera mentioned, rather than new 

 genera, mark the changes. The com- 

 monest rattlesnake is now C. molossus 

 B. and G., in southern Arizona partic- 

 ularly, some confluentus Sag. and others 

 in the northern portion. 



D. List of mammals and birds: Semi- 

 desert and arid coniferous forest 

 (Upper Sonoran Zone) 



1. Mammals (E. A. G.). Otosper- 

 mophilus variegatus juglans, rock squir- 

 rel; Citellus spilosoma macro spilotus, 

 oracle spotted ground squirrel; Citellus 

 spilosoma pratensis, plateau spotted 

 ground squirrel (also Transition) ; Am- 

 mospermophilus leucurus cinnamomeus, 

 cinnamon antelope squirrel; Cynomys 

 gunnisoni zuniensis, Zuni prairie dog 

 (also Transition) ; Butamias quadrivit- 

 tatus hopiensis, painted desert chipmunk; 

 Sciurus arizonensis arizonensis, Arizona 

 squirrel; Thomomys latirostris, painted 

 desert pocket gopher; Perognathus flavus 

 bimaculatus, Yavapai pocket mouse; 

 Dipodomys spectablis spectabilis, ban- 

 ner-tailed kangaroo rat (also Lower 

 Sonoran); Dipodomys ordii longipes, 

 painted desert kangaroo rat; Onychomys 

 leucogaster melanophrys, dusky grass- 

 hopper mouse; Peromyscus maniculatus 

 sonoriensis, Sonora white-footed mouse 

 (also Lower Sonoran) ; Peromyscus boylei 

 rowleyi, Rowley's mouse (also Transi- 

 tion); Peromyscus truei truei, True's 

 mouse; Sigmodon minimus minimus, 

 buff-bellied cotton rat ; Neotoma albigula 

 albigula, white-throated wood rat (also 

 Lower Sonoran) ; Neotoma lepida lepida, 

 Thomas' wood rat; Neotoma lepida 

 stephensi, Stephens' wood rat; Neotoma 



cinerea arizonae, Arizona bushy-tailed 

 wood rat; Lepus californicus texianus, 

 Texas jackrabbit; Sylvilagus audubonii 

 arizonae, Arizona cottontail (also Lower 

 Sonoran) ; Sylvilagus audubonii warreni, 

 Colorado cottontail; Odocoileus couesi, 

 Coues' white-tailed deer (also Transition 

 and Canadian); Ovis canadensis gail- 

 liardi, Gailliard's mountain sheep (also 

 Lower Sonoran). 



2. Birds (E. A. G., and C. T. F.). 

 Scaled partridge, Mearns' Massena 

 partridge, Arizona woodpecker, Wood- 

 house's jay, Arizona jay, pinyon jay, 

 Brewer's blackbird, Scott's sparrow, 

 black-headed Grosbeak (also Transi- 

 tion), desert wren, bridled titmouse, 

 Stephens' whippoorwill, rock wren. 



E. Mountain coniferous forest 



The evergreen coniferous forest of 

 Arizona is found almost throughout 

 the portions of the state above 7000 ft. 

 in altitude, and in favorable localities 

 it may be found as low as 6000 ft. The 

 largest body of forest extends from the 

 vicinity of the San Francisco peaks 

 southeastward to the New Mexican 

 line. 



1. Lower Mountain Forest. Vege- 

 tation (Transition Zone) (F. $.). 

 At the lower edge of the largest areas 

 or forest and on the small isolated moun- 

 tain ranges the forest is a relatively 

 open stand of pines (Pinus scopulorum 

 or P. arizonica), sometimes with a clear 

 floor, sometimes with an undergrowth 

 of trees and shrubs such as are char- 

 acteristic of the Xerophytic Forest, or 

 others of higher range. In northern 

 Arizona the commonest undershrubs 

 and small trees are Quereus gambeli, 

 which occurs singly or in large mottes, 

 Robinia neo^mexicana, Arctostaphylos 

 pungens, Cercocarpus parvifolius, Fal- 

 lugia paradoxa, Rhus trilobata, Cean- 

 othus greggii and Artemisia tridentata, 

 the latter being frequent in extensive 

 close stands. In southern Arizona the 

 commonest undertrees and shrubs are 

 Quereus hypoleuca, Q. reticulata, Arbutus 

 arizonica, Ceanothus fendleri, and Robi- 

 nia neo-mexicana. Throughout the state 



