NATURAL AREAS AND REGIONS 



567 



the pine forests are very rich in suffrut- 

 escent or herbaceous perennials, chiefly 

 composites and legumes, while the 

 number of annual species is extremely 

 small. 



b. Animals (C. T. V.). In this belt 

 are found Mule Deer (northern Arizona) 

 whitetail deer (south of the Mogollon 

 Rim). Abert, Kaibab and tuft-eared 

 squirrels, Sciurus spp., porcupine, and 

 black bear are the principal conspicuous 

 additions to the fauna. The rodent 

 genera Peromyscus, Sigmodon, Perogna- 

 thus, and even Citellus drop out wholly 

 or in large part, while Microtus, and 

 Eutamias appear as new elements. 

 Most of the skunk and bat species also 

 disappear. 



Merriam's Turkey, the Band-tailed 

 Pigeon, and the Steller Jay are the 

 largest and perhaps best known new 

 elements of the avifauna of this belt. 

 Many warblers and other small birds 

 breed here. 



Reptiles are scarce in this belt, though 

 some of the less common species such 

 as Crotalus willardi Meek, and Gerrhono- 

 tus kingii have been taken at an altitude 

 above 9000 ft. in southern Arizona, and 

 at least one species of Phyrnosoma is 

 commonly found. 



2. List of birds and mammals (Tran- 

 sition Zone}, a. Mammals (A. E. (?.). 

 Mustela arizonensis, Arizona weasel 

 (also Canadian); Callospermophilus la- 

 teralis arizonensis, Arizona golden-man- 

 tled squirrel (also Canadian); Citellus 

 spilosoma pratensis, plateau spotted 

 ground squirrel (also Upper Sonoran); 

 Cynomys gunnisoni zuniensis, Zuni prai- 

 rie dog (also Upper Sonoran) ; Eutamias 

 cinereicollis cinereicollis, San Francisco 

 mountain chipmunk (also Canadian); 

 Eutamias dorsalis dorsalis, Baird's chip- 

 munk; Sciurus fremonti mogollonensis, 

 Mogollon squirrel; Sciurus apache, 

 Apache squirrel; Sciurus aberti aberti, 

 Abert's squirrel; Sciurus kaibabensis, 

 Kaibab squirrel; Thomomys fulvus ful- 

 vus, Fulvous pocket gopher (also Cana- 

 dian); Peromyscus maniculatus rufinus, 

 tawny white-footed mouse (also Cana- 

 dian) ; Peromyscus boylii rowleyi, Row- 



ley's mouse, (also Upper Sonoran); 

 Neotoma mexicana pinetorum, San Fran- 

 cisco mountain wood rat (also Canadian) 

 Microtus montanus arizonensis, Arizona 

 meadow mouse; Microtus mogollonensis, 

 Mogollon meadow mouse; Sylvilagus 

 nuttalli pinetis, Rocky Mountain cot- 

 tontail; Odocoileus hemionus hemionus, 

 Rocky Mountain mule deer (also Cana- 

 dian); Odocoileus couesi, Coues' white- 

 tailed deer (also Canadian). 



6. Birds (A. E. G., and C. T. V.). 

 Merriam's turkey (also Canadian), 

 band-tailed pigeon (also Canadian), 

 white-breasted woodpecker, broad- 

 tailed hummingbird, rufous hum- 

 mingbird, Coues' flycatcher, Richard- 

 son's flycatcher, western evening gros- 

 beak, red-baqked junco (also Canadian), 

 chestnut backed junco, spurred 

 towhee (also Canadian), green tailed 

 towhee, black-headed grosbeak (also 

 Upper Sonoran), Louisiana tanager, 

 western tanager, northern violet green 

 swallow, Audubon's warbler (also Cana- 

 dian), red-faced warbler (also Cana- 

 dian), MacGillivray's warbler, western 

 house wren (also Canadian), sierra 

 madre creeper (also Canadian), 

 rocky mountain nuthatch (also Cana- 

 dian), pygmy nuthatch (also Canadian), 

 chestnut-backed bluebird, painted red- 

 start. 



F. Upper mountain forest 



1. Vegetation (F.S.). In the elevated 

 parts of the Evergreen Forest the pines 

 that have been mentioned are absent, 

 the genus being represented by the less 

 abundant Pinus flexilis and P. strobifor- 

 mis. The dominant trees here are 

 Abies concolor, Pseudotsuga taxifolia 

 and Picea engelmannii. The lower limit 

 of this vegetation (Canadian zone) 

 varies according to slope exposure and 

 other conditions from 7500 to 9000 ft. 

 In it the trees are large, the stand is 

 heavy and the number of shrubby species 

 is large. The most common deciduous 

 tree is Populus tremuloides, which often 

 covers old burns in extensive pure 

 stands. Along streams and in the more 

 open parts of the forest are to be found 



