vin THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RACES 183 



into some other animal as different from his present self as he 

 is from the gorilla or the chimpanzee ; and who speculate on 

 what this form is likely to be. But it is evident that such 

 will not be the case ; for no change of conditions is con- 

 ceivable which will render any important alteration of his 

 form and organisation so universally useful and necessary to 

 him, as to give those possessing it always the best chance of 

 surviving, and thus lead to the development of a new species, 

 genus, or higher group of man. On the other hand, we 

 know that far greater changes of conditions and of his entire 

 environment have been undergone by man than any other 

 highly organised animal could survive unchanged, and have 

 been met by mental, not corporeal adaptation. The difference 

 of habits, of food, clothing, weapons, and enemies between 

 savage and civilised man is enormous. Difference in bodily 

 form and structure there is practically none, except a slightly 

 increased size of brain, corresponding to his higher mental 

 development. 



We have every reason to believe, then, that man may 

 have existed, and may continue to exist, through a series of 

 geological periods which shall see all other forms of animal 

 life again and again changed ; while he himself remains un- 

 changed, except in the two particulars already specified the 

 head and face, as immediately connected with the organ of 

 the mind and as being the medium of expressing the most 

 refined emotions of his nature, and to a slight extent in 

 colour, hair, and proportions, so far as they are correlated 

 with constitutional resistance to disease. 



Summary 



Briefly to recapitulate the argument; in two distinct 

 ways has man escaped the influence of those laws which have 

 produced unceasing change in the animal world. 1. By his 

 superior intellect he is enabled to provide himself with cloth- 

 ing and weapons, and by cultivating the soil to obtain a con- 

 stant supply of congenial food. This renders it unnecessary 

 for his body to be modified in accordance with changing con- 

 ditions to gain a warmer natural covering, to acquire more 

 powerful teeth or claws, or to become adapted to obtain and 

 digest new kinds of food, as circumstances may require. 2. 



