192 NATURAL SELECTION-*" ix 



and beautiful, which are so largely developed in civilised 

 man. Any considerable development of these would, in fact, 

 be useless or even hurtful to him, since they would to some 

 extent interfere with the supremacy of those perceptive and 

 animal faculties on which his very existence often depends, in 

 the severe struggle he has to carry on against nature and his 

 fellow-man. Yet the rudiments of all these powers and feel- 

 ings undoubtedly exist in him, since one or other of them 

 frequently manifest themselves in exceptional cases, or when 

 some special circumstances call them forth. Some tribes, 

 such as the Santals, are remarkable for as pure a love of 

 truth as the most moral among civilised men. The Hindoo 

 and the Polynesian have a high artistic feeling, the first traces 

 of which are clearly visible in the rude drawings of the 

 palseolithic men who were the contemporaries in France of 

 the reindeer and the mammoth. Instances of unselfish love, 

 of true gratitude, and of deep religious feeling, sometimes 

 occur among most savage races. 



On the whole, then, we may conclude that the general, 

 moral, and intellectual development of the savage is not less 

 removed from that of civilised man than has been shown to 

 be the case in the one department of mathematics ; and from 

 the fact that all the moral and intellectual faculties do occa- 

 sionally manifest themselves, we may fairly conclude that they 

 are always latent, and that the large brain of the savage man 

 is much beyond his actual requirements in the savage state. 



Intellect of Savages and of Animals compared. Let us 

 now compare the intellectual wants of the savage, and the 

 actual amount of intellect he exhibits, with those of the 

 higher animals. Such races as the Andaman Islanders, 

 the Australians, and the Tasmanians, the Digger Indians of 

 North America, or the natives of Fuegia, pass their lives so 

 as to require the exercise of few faculties not possessed in an 

 equal degree by many animals. In the mode of capture of 

 game or fish they by no means surpass the ingenuity or fore- 

 thought of the jaguar, who drops saliva into the water, and 

 seizes the fish as they come to eat it; or of wolves and 

 jackals, who hunt in packs ; or of the fox, who buries his 

 surplus food till he requires it. The sentinels placed by 

 antelopes and by monkeys, and the various modes of building 



