INDEX 



489 



Prosthemadera in the Auckland isles, 



408 



Protection, various modes in which 

 animals obtain it, 50, 51, 136 

 greater need of, in female insects 



and birds, 80 



Protective colouring, theory of, 47 

 Protective colours, theory of, 360 

 Psittaci (Parrots), sexual colouring 



and nidification of, 126 

 Psittacula diopthalma, sexual differ- 

 ence of colour of, 353 

 Pterosauria, 164 

 Pterylography, 332 

 Ptychoderes, 67 

 Pyramid, the great, 430 



the great, indicates an earlier 



civilisation, 431 

 Pythons, 304 



BABBITS, why white-tailed, 368 



Races of man, origin of, 178 



Rainbow, how described by ancient 

 writers, 413 



Rainfall at London and Batavia, dia- 

 gram of, 228 



greatest recorded at Batavia, 235 



Raphia tsedigera, 249 



Rattan-palms, 249 



Recognition, use of diversity of 

 colour as a means of, 154 (note) 

 aided by colour, 367 



Redbreast and wood-pigeon, protective 

 colouring of, 40 



Redstart, imitating notes of chaffinch 

 and blackcap, 105 



Reed, Mr. , on humming-birds in Juan 

 Fernandez, 328 



Reeks, Mr. Henry, on change of nest- 

 ing habits in the herring-gull, 115 



Representative groups, 8 



of trogons, butterflies, etc., 10 



Reptiles, protective colouring of, 40 

 abundant in tropics, 301 



Rhamphastidse, sexual colouring and 

 nidification of, 125 



Rhamphococcyx, 297 



Rhinoceros, ancestral types of, 165 



Ring-doves building nests in confine- 

 ment, 110 



River system, as illustrating self- 

 adaptation, 149 



Rudimentary organs, 17 



SALVIN, Mr. Osbert, on a case of bird 

 mimicry, 75 



on the pugnacity of humming- 

 birds, 319, 380 

 Saturnia pavonia - minor, protective 



colouring of larva of, 46 

 Sauba ant, 282 

 Sauropterygia, 164 



Savages, why they become extinct, 

 177 



undeveloped intellect of, 190, 192 

 intellect of, compared with that 



of animals, 192, 193 

 protect their backs from rain, 196 

 Saxifraga longi folia, 404 

 S. cotyledon, S. oppositifolia, 404 

 Scansorial birds, nests of, 123 

 Scaphura, 70 



Science, debt of, to Darwin, 450 

 Scopulipedes, brush-legged bees, 65 

 Scorpions, 291 

 Screw-pines, 255 

 Scudder, Mr., on fossil insects, 165 

 Scutelleridae, mimicked by Longicorns, 



69 



Scythrops, 297 



Seedling plants, Darwin's observa- 

 tions on, 467 

 Seeds, how protected, 399 



vitality of, in salt water deter- 

 mined by Darwin, 469 

 experiments on transmission of, 



by birds, 469 

 Sensitive -plants, 262 

 Sesia bombilif'ormis, 64 

 Sesiidae, mimic Hymenoptera, 64 

 Sexes, comparative importance of, in 

 different classes of animals, 78 

 of butterflies differently coloured 



for recognition, 367 

 Sexual colours, 352 

 theory of, 364 



Sexual selection, its normal action to 

 develop colour in both sexes, 129 

 among birds, 154 

 not a cause of colour, 369 

 neutralised by natural selection, 



378 



Shell-mounds, ancient, in Maine, 435 

 ancient, in Florida, 436 

 ancient, on Lower Mississippi, 436 

 ancient, at San Pablo, California, 

 436 



