MARINE BIOLOGY ON THE PACIFIC COAST 

 where to Carmel and below, are rich in sponges, 

 sea urchins, starfishes, keyhole limpets (Lottia), 

 sea cradles, and abalones (iialiotis), as well as 

 the smaller sea mosses (hydroids and brypzoans), 

 while burrowing worms and crustaceans lind hid- 

 ing places in the nooks and crevices, and small 

 tide-pool fishes lurk in the crannies of the rocks. 



The best known collecting grounds near Los 

 Angeles are those at White's Point and Portuguese 

 Bend, extending northward from San Pedro to Re- 

 dondo. Tide Hats of wide extent are to be found 

 at Anaheim, Alamitos Bay, Wilmington, and New- 

 port Bay, and sandy beacnes at Venice, Long Beach 

 and Huntington Beach. The dredging along the 

 rocky shores of Santa Catalina Island yields won- 

 derfully rich collections of sponges, brachiopods, 

 the large sea urchin Strongylocentrotus franc iscanus 

 and a great variety of invertebrates which require 

 oceanic conditions for ttieir growth. 



The collecting grounds at San Diego are rich 

 and varied. Dredging on the bar and in shelly 

 deposits in the channel yields Amphioxus califor- 

 niensis, the mud bottoms abound in Pectinaria, the 

 little annelid living in brown conical tubes, sting 

 rays (Urolophus halleri) and some interesting 

 sponges. On the mud and sand ilats exposed at 

 low tides are found Balanoglossus, sand dollars, 

 sea pansies (Renilla), Corymorpha, Harenactis, 

 Virgularia, and burrowing white alpheid crusta- 

 ceans which are called pistol crabs from their 

 habit of snapping their claws, and occasionally 

 brilliantly colored nudibranchs and opisthobranch 

 sea slugs. The reefs at Point Loma are rich in 

 chitons and other molluscs, compound ascidians, 

 and huge colonies of the sand tubes of colonial 

 annelid Sabellaria. Here the San Diego blind fish 

 or goby (Typhlogobias calif orniensis) may be 

 found under rocks. The hold-fasts of the giant 

 kelp cast up on the beaches are veritable menag- 

 eries of the smaller marine invertebrates, ophiurans, 

 annelids, nemerteans, crustaceans, and attached 

 hydroids and bryozoans. The rocky shores are in 

 places riddled by burrowing molluscs (Pholadidea 

 penita). The harbor fauna, as elsewhere on the 

 coast, has been contaminated by the cosmopolitan 

 forms brought by shipping such as barnacles, tubula- 

 rian and companularian hydroids, mussels (Mytilus}, 

 clams (My a), and anemones (Metridium). The big 

 blue domes of the beautiful jelly fish Stomolophus 

 are sometimes seen in great swarms in the quiet 

 waters of San Diego harbor in autumn months. The 

 fauna of the beaches includes many sand-hoppers 

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