ETHNOLOGY OF THE PACIFIC COAST 

 mounds for the most part consist are large numbers 

 of lost and broken artifacts, and even human 

 remains. 



The living Indians of California are very much 

 scattered. There are villages here and there, usually 

 spoken of as "rancherias," but most of the 

 aborigines are now widely distributed among a 

 white farming population. There is one small 

 group of Indians living within thirty miles north of 

 San Francisco on Tomales Bay (via Northwestern 

 Pacific) who still speak their old language and make 

 a few baskets. Another and somewhat larger group 

 is to be found to the south, at Pleasanton. The only 

 large reservation in California is Hupa, in Humboldt 

 County, in the northern part of the State. This is 

 a beautiful valley, in the midst of a fine, forested 

 country, and is now, with the completion of the 

 Northwestern Pacific, fairly accessible. Within 

 easy access of this same railroad are the Round 

 \alley reserva^n at Covelo, Mendocino County, 

 and the rancheria at Hopland. The Hupa reserva- 

 tion lies on the Trinity River, just above its junction 

 with the Klamath. Along this latter stream a great 

 deal of Indian life is still to be seen, such as 

 fishing, the manufacture of baskets, and religious 

 performances. The trip down the Klamath in an 

 Indian canoe, through rapids and among the giant 

 redwoods is exciting and interesting. This is, I 

 think, the only locality in California where the 

 Indians may still be seen living more or less in 

 their original type of house. 



In the southern part of the State considerable 

 groups of Indians may still be seen near the rail- 

 road at San Jacinto and at Indio and Banning. 

 There are numerous other groups somewhat more 

 difficult of access, such as those at Pala, Mesa 

 Grande, and, close to the Mexican border, around 

 Campo, on the State road from San Diego to 

 Imperial. 



From northern California to Alaska there is a 

 remarkable stretch of coast where the native life is 

 very picturesque and peculiar. (See fig. 19.) The 

 coast from Vancouver Island to the Copper River 

 seems to be the region where the most characteristic 

 institutions developed. Among the things of inter- 

 est I might mention the social organization of the 

 natives, their art, and their remarkable customs con- 

 nected with property. 



All of the Coast tribes of southern Alaska and 

 British Columbia have a way of dividing up into 

 groups, each group tracing its descent from one 

 ancestor, often alleged to have been an animal or a 



193 



