32 JOHN PHASER, B.A., LL.D. 



lough, co. Wicklow, that in ancient times the heathen priest used to 

 ascend the fine round tower (which has been lately restored) and at 

 sunrise called aloud the name of Baal four times, once from each of 

 the four openings or windows at the summit of the tower, which 

 face the cardinal points of the compass. (Cf. 1 Kings xviii. 26, &c., 

 as to Baal among the Israelites.) Apart from the religious links of 

 affinity between nations, and quite outside the limits of discussion 

 of Mr. Fraser's paper, is the last word I would like to add, but it 

 may perhaps be ruled " out of order." It is, however, an instance 

 of how a link may be traced which has never been thought of. 

 The case in point is the affinity of the ' Indians of Alaska with the 

 Botocudos of Eastern Brazil. I had the opportunity of attending 

 a recent meeting of the Royal Geographical Society, when a paper 

 was read by Mr. Stearn on his explorations of the Rio Doce in 

 Brazil, and his sojourn among the Botocudos for a month. In the 

 discussion, Mr. Colin Mackenzie (whom I met in Brazil in 1884) 

 stated that he had traced the custom of the monstrous lip-disc worn 

 by the Botocudos, from the eastern coast of Central Brazil, through 

 the interior, by Central America, to the West Coast in California 

 and thence up to Alaska, where the custom is also found to-day. 



