RESULTS OP EXCAVATIONS AT BUBASTIS. 19 



greatest interest in Bubastis, is Amenophis III. We dis- 

 covered four monuments of the reign of this king : two of 

 them are statues of the same man ; unfortunately they are 

 both headless. They are unequal in workmanship ; one of 

 them, the largest and the finest, is in the Boulak Museum ; 

 the other is in London. They both represent a man sitting 

 with crossed legs, and who unrolls on his knees a papyrus, 

 on which is written his title and his employment. The man 

 was ' ' prince of the first order, a friend loving his lord, chief of 

 the works of his king in the provinces of the marsh land of the 

 North, the chancellor and city governor, Amenophis." The 

 name of his king is found on the back ; the braces which sup- 

 port his garment are tied together by a brooch, on which is 

 engraved the name of Amenophis III. ; another statue has it 

 engraved on the shoulder, as has also a very graceful torso of 

 a woman, which was part of a double group of a priest and 

 priestess. Thus the Eighteenth dynasty is well represented 

 at Bubastis, its high officers and priests put their images in 

 the temple. Even the heretical King Amenophis IV., or 

 Khuenaten, who endeavoured to destroy the worship of 

 Amon, desired his name to be at Bubastis. On a stone, 

 usurped afterwards by Raineses II., we read the name of his 

 god, his one cartouche having been erased. 



In what state did the Eighteenth dynasty find the temple 

 of Bubastis ? Had it been ruined by the Hyksos ? Not 

 likely ; on the contrary, we have seen that Apepi raised there, 

 as he says, pillars in great numbers and bronze doors. If 

 it did not suffer in the wars between the Hyksos and the 

 Theban princes, the temple must have been standing and 

 even of a remarkable beauty when the contemporaries of 

 Amenophis III. put their statues in its halls. 



Seti I., the second king of the Nineteenth dynasty, and 

 the father of Rameses II., inscribed on the stone of 

 Amenophis II. that " he renewed the abode of his father 

 Amon." He seems to have made some repairs to the temple. 

 But with his son Rameses II. we reach a period of great 

 changes, which consisted chiefly in usurpations. There is no 

 name which occurs so frequently in the ruins of the first three 

 halls, which up to the Thirtieth dynasty constituted the 

 whole building. As is the case in Tanis, the local divinity 

 seems to have occupied only a secondary rank ; all the prin- 

 cipal offerings or acts of worship take place before the great 

 gods of Egypt, Amon, Phthah, called Phthah of Rameses, 

 and chiefly Set, the god of the Hyksos, who had the most 



Cminent place. Enormous architraves in the second hall 

 r dedications to Set; elsewhere he is styled Set of 



