but its perusal will show how much ground has been gained 

 within the last sixteen years. This will easily appear by 

 collating the work with the index of Bible names given by 

 the Rev. T. K. Cheyne in the Variorum Teachers' Bible of 

 Messrs. Spottiswoode (1880), and there is still much to be 

 done in explaining the origin and affinities of Biblical Proper 

 Names. 



All kind forbearance I must crave, for the subject is 

 immense and most difficult, and while I have been turning 

 it over, new lines have been struck out, as, for instance, by 

 Professor Robertson Smith in his paper on Animal Worship 

 and Animal Tribes among the Arabs and in the Old Testa- 

 ment ; " * and important material has been contributed by 

 M. Lenormant in his work Les Origines de I'Histoire and by 

 Dr. Friedrich Delitzsch in his essay on the Site of Paradise ,f 

 which contains a profusion of geographical knowledge far be- 

 yond the limits suggested by the title. M. Derenbourg has 

 also compared the proper names of persons in the Old Testa- 

 ment with those of Himyaritic inscriptions, in an interesting 

 article in the new Revue des etudes Ju'ives. 



But for a rash promise I should have shrunk from this 

 difficult topic altogether ; but I hope to show how in various 

 directions the names of the Bible agree with the assumed 

 conditions of the holy writings, and may help us in further 

 fruitful studies to the glory of that " Name which is above 

 every name." 



Names Personal and Local. 



Personal and local names are vitally connected. Men of old 

 loved to " call their lands after their own names," and were 

 called after their native land, and the man gave name to his 

 race, which is included in a vivid way in the personal name 

 and the territorial. So it is often hard to know whether we 

 are reading of men, or tribes, or cities and regions, for all 

 have their pedigrees, and the fashion of recording them was 

 often similar or the same. 



M. Clerinont Gunneau J has noticed, for instance, that the 

 modern name of the Belka is the same as that of Balak, king 

 of Moab (compare Belkis, queen of Sheba, H.G.T.) ; that 

 Shihan, where M. de Vogue found a magnificent bas-relief of 

 a king, is the same word as Sihon, king of the Amorites ; the 



* Journ. of Philology, ix. 75. 



t Wo lag das Paradies ? Leipzig, 1881 J P.E.F.. 1881, 12. 



