12 



scrip tions (hitherto read Khammat and confused with Amat 

 (Hamath). A very important nation they were in the days 

 of Shalmaneser II., who links them with the " Kings of the 

 Hittites,"* under their king, Irkhulina, in a great league 

 with Benhadad against the Assyrians, who defeated them 

 with terrible slaughter at Karkar. 



This agrees very well with the mention of " all the cities 

 of the Khivvites"t with Sidon and Tyre. But I must not 

 attempt to go through all the coincidences of Scripture with 

 the monuments as regards the races of Canaan and Syria. 

 I will only mention the name Mat-amim in the travels of the 

 Mohar, a well-known story of an Egytian scribe. For Mat- 

 amim would simply mean land of the Emim. 



Some Babylonian and Assyrian Names. 



And now we must turn to Babylonia and Assyria, whence 

 most important results have been already obtained in the 

 elucidation alike of very early and late names in the Old 

 Testament. 



Akkadian, Sumerian, Kassite, Elamite, names on the one 

 hand, and Semitic names on the other, have enabled us to 

 verify the historic data of scripture to an extent quite un- 

 expected and surprising. Thus we have Babel, and Erech, 

 and Akkad, and Kalneh, and Ur, in the records from the 

 earliest times. For the name Nimrod we have more than one 

 derivation. Professor Sayce and M. Grivel give the Akkadian 

 Namar-ud, illumination of the sun (which by no means ex- 

 cludes his human status by the divine solar title), and Dr. 

 Friedrich Delitzsch has lately suggested the possible al- 

 ternative of Nu-Marad, "Man, or hero, of Marad,"J a very 

 ancient Chaldaean city. This distinguished Assyriologist has 

 treated very carefully the subject of these local names in his 

 new work, " Wo lag das Paradies ?" M. Lenorrrzant will 

 doubtless deal with them in the next volume of his newly- 

 cast History of the East; and those who do not seek informa- 

 tion beyond our own language, will find much in George 

 Smith's very useful History of Babylonia, edited by Pro- 

 fessor Sayce, and in the " Clialdcean Genesis" and also in the 

 volumes of " Records of the Past." 



One of the most striking points in this non-Semitic lore is 

 t-lje occurrence of the Elamite name of Kudur-lagamar, with 



* Sec. iii. 99 ; v. 32. t 2 Sam., xxiv. 7. Parodies, 220. 



