LAW OF POPULATION ILLUSTRATED 179 



In the four decades the death-rate in England 

 declined 23*2 per cent., and the birth-rate only 17'5 

 per cent. The corresponding percentages for Scotland 

 were 19-8 and 14-9. 



The extension of the labour market in these 

 countries is shown in this, that in the period of forty 

 years England added 62 per cent, to her population, 

 and Scotland 46 per cent. ; and the numerical increase 

 has been accompanied by a prodigious increase of 

 national wealth, with a marvellous elevation in the 

 standard of comfort of all classes. 



From both countries has gone forth a steady stream 

 of emigrants to the Colonies or to the United States, 

 not impelled to leave their country by the pressure 

 of want or misery, but from an adventurous spirit 

 recognising the better prospects of material well-being 

 held out to men of stout hearts and industrious hands 

 in younger and undeveloped countries that are calling 

 out for new supplies of labour. 



The expansion of the labour market and this 



