CERATITIS CITRIPERDA. 49 



For this purpose observation is needed of how long the 

 chrysalis state lasts. Mr. de Witt Meulen mentions it 

 as lasting thirty days with the August specimens. In 

 Europe it is noted as about eighteen days with the first 

 brood, and that the second hybernates. 



For remedy, the only applications which appear to 

 answer are nitrate of soda or such dressings or treatment 

 as may push on growth, or mechanical means, which 

 sometimes answer. Sweeping the infested plants with 

 light boughs fixed to a scuffler, or sending a man through 

 the crop to shake the caterpillars off with a bough, 

 whilst a boy accompanying throws any mixture of caustic 

 lime or soot on them, has been found to answer ; or 

 sending sheep through the field is of use, by fairly 

 knocking or pushing the caterpillars off, or causing them 

 to throw themselves down, when many are trodden to 

 death by the animals. 



This attack is one which from time to time attracts 

 attention in Britain as very injurious. 



ORDER DIPTEKA. 



FAM. MUSCID.E. 

 SUB-FAM. TEYPETIN^l. 



CERATITIS CITRIPERDA, Macl. (Fig. 22.) 



Ceratitis citriperda, MacLeay, Zool. Journ. iv. p. 475, 



1. 15, fig. 



T&phritis capitata, Wied. Analect. Entom. p. 55. 

 Trypeta capitata, Wied. Aussereur. Zweifl. Ins. ii. p. 496. 

 Petalophora capitata, Macq. Dipt. ii. p. 454. 

 ? Ceratitis hispanica, Breme, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1842, 



p. 183, t. 7, f. 15. 



