ICERYA PURCHASI. 87 



end, and a rose can be attached to the other ; an arrange- 

 ment of valves allows water to pass into the pump 

 through the hose, but will not allow it to return. Thus, 

 when the smaller tube is pulled out the pump is filled to 

 its greatest capacity ; by pushing this tube back the 

 water can be ejected with considerable force through the 

 rose in a fine spray. By using a nozzle with a single 

 opening a stream can be thrown to a greater distance. 

 In this way the topmost leaves of any orchard tree can 

 be reached. In applying liquids on a large scale, as 

 upon extensive orchards, the work can be done rapidly 

 by placing the mixture in a barrel upon a waggon, and 

 pumping directly from this barrel. It is noted that 

 from the great difficulty of wetting every part of the 

 tree by a single application, that probably several will 

 be necessary.* 



Destruction by Hand-pickinr/ and shaking down the Bug 

 from infested Trees. 



Prof. Trirnen states that he regards it as of " the first 

 importance to destroy all the larger specimens, for from 

 these legions of young are perpetually proceeding, and 

 the effectual destruction of a single gravid female means 

 that of at least 150 or 200 young ones." He mentions 

 that he has found " that the larger specimens may often 

 be detached by shaking a plant, or, in the case of trees, 

 striking the branches smartly with a stick. When this 

 is done a cloth, or sheets of paper, should be spread 

 under the shaken or beaten branches to catch the insects 

 as they drop, otherwise some of them will break on 

 striking the ground and the eggs or young escape." He 

 further advises, in the same Report, "that all the insects 

 collected together should be burnt forthwith, as they 

 resist immersion in water for a long time, and the eggs 

 or minute young in the mass of white secretion are 

 unaffected by it. Crushing the old ones is also only 



* ' Report of the Entomologist of the United States Department of 

 Agriculture for the year 1880,' By H. Comstock. Washington, 1881. 



