LECANIUM HESPERIDUM. 99 



and widely-distributed species, usually known under the 

 popular name of the " Broad Scale." As the colour 

 and form become considerably altered in dried specimens, 

 which renders a description of such, imperfect and un- 

 satisfactory, it has been considered more desirable to 

 reprint the following description by Prof. Comstock, now 

 of Cornell University, New York State, U.S.A., given in 

 1880 in his excellent report on Scale insects. 



" Adult female. Length 3 4 millm. Colour yellow, 

 inclined to brown upon disk, often quite dark ; shape 

 elongate-oval, nearly flat ; smooth and shining, with sparse 

 punctures upon the disk ; after death the border above 

 often becomes wrinkled radially for a narrow space. 

 The antennae are seven-jointed, the fourth and seventh 

 subequal in length, and the third but little shorter ; 

 first, second, fifth and sixth short and subequal. The 

 legs are long and comparatively slender, with the tarsi 

 shorter by one-fourth than the tibiae ; the hair upon the 

 trochanter is very long, and the tarsal claw is large ; 

 the tarsal digitules are long and much widened at their 

 extremities, and also stout at the base. The anal ring 

 is very small, and is furnished with six long stout 

 bristles." 



" Young larva. Long-oval ; antennae with six joints 

 only, of which the third is the longest." Eeport of the 

 Entomologist of the United States Department of Agri- 

 culture for 1880, p. 335. Washington, 1881. 



This Scale, known in North America as the " Broad 

 Scale," or " Soft Orange Scale," is very widely distributed 

 geographically and also botanically. It is found in many 

 parts of the world and on many kinds of plants. It is 

 stated by Prof. Comstock to be found in N. America on 

 Ivies, Oranges, and other plants ; in California it is 

 recorded as found in nearly every locality where Citrus 

 trees are grown, and that it infests the wood, foliage and 

 fruit. 



Mr. Maskell, in his 'Account of Insects noxious to 

 Agriculture and Plants in New Zealand,' describes this 



