110 SOUTH AMERICAN " QARRAPATAS." 



thirty men catching and throwing the animals for the 

 process of pouring the solution upon them. For Africa 

 no doubt they have a similar way of treating cattle, and 

 having them in subjection when they require to handle 

 them closely. 



" The specimens of Garrapatas sent you are in their 

 various stages of growth, and I would particularly call 

 your attention to the smaller ones, and the group of 

 three which I found as all young ones are found 

 adhering close to the head of the full-grown ones, as if 

 learning the art of blood-sucking. I must not forget to 

 mention that the deaths of the animals occurred through 

 the loss of blood these Garrapatas extract."* 



In the above notes the point of the belief of the 

 natives that the Ticks are picked up by the cattle in the 

 long grass is well worth notice, as this is confirmed by 

 observations of habits of Ticks elsewhere ; and the 

 points also of young Ticks being found near the adult 

 specimens on the infested animal is of serviceable 

 interest as pointing to multiplication taking place on the 

 cattle, as well as the likelihood of the attack Being picked 

 up as above is worth notice, more particularly as this is 

 confirmed by observations of habits of Ticks elsewhere. 



The evidence given both by Mr. Hayward and pre- 

 vious scientific observers in South America, and by Mr. 

 Bairstow in South Africa, as to the serious damage 

 caused by these blood-sucking pests to the cattle, show 

 the attack to be one deserving care both by remedial 

 applications and also possible measures of cleanliness, 

 and attention being given to " prevent overstocking on 

 large cattle farms, by the long grasses being burnt that 

 shelter the Ticks, and altogether giving greater attention 

 to the condition of the localities of pasturage of the 

 cattle, when such pests would be less numerous, if not 

 wholly prevented." 



* Extract from letter of March 29th, 1889, from Mr. C. P. Hayward to 

 myself, on the subject of Cattle Ticks and methods of prevention. 

 E. A. 0. 



