COMPOSITION OF ANIMALS AND OF FEEDING STUFFS 55 



Glands, like many other organs, have as their basis a rather loose 

 and soft framework of connective tissue serving to support cells 

 whose function it is to prepare certain fluids or chemical substances 

 required in the body. The largest gland is the liver, which secretes 

 the bile and has other important functions. Other examples are the 

 pancreas, spleen, salivary glands, etc. Less conspicuous but equally 

 important are the smaller glands imbedded in the walls of the stomach 

 and intestines which secrete such important fluids as the gastric 

 juice, intestinal juices, etc. 



90. Chemical composition. From the standpoint of hu- 

 man nutrition, the tissues of alimentation of farm animals, as 

 here broadly denned, are largely waste products. While cer- 

 tain organs, like the liver, kidneys, heart, etc., are utilized as 

 food, the larger portion of the entrails passes into the offal and 

 the feed consumed in its growth and maintenance is a part of 

 the necessary cost of production of animal foods. 



An idea of the composition of the offal and of the proportion 

 of total protein, fat and ash of the body which it contains is 

 afforded by Lawes and Gilbert's analyses of entire animals (97), 

 although the offal in their experiments included, in the case of 

 cattle and sheep (but not of pigs) , the head, feet and skin, while 

 the kidneys and kidney fat were in all cases included in the 

 carcass. On the average of the ten animals the percentage 

 composition of the carcass and of the offal was : 



TABLE n. COMPOSITION OF CARCASS AND OFFAL 



