THE FEEDING STUFFS 587 



others. The seeds of cotton and flax are rich in both fat and 

 protein. Hulled cottonseed contains about 30 per cent of each 

 and flaxseed about 22 per cent protein and 35 per cent fat, the 

 latter percentage, however, being somewhat variable. The oil 

 is extracted from the seeds either by pressure or by the use of 

 solvents, leaving a residue still containing some fat and very 

 rich in protein. 



Cottonseed meal. At present cotton oil is extracted only by 

 pressure, the resulting hard cake being ground to cottonseed 

 meal. The highest grade of cottonseed meal is made from the 

 hulled seed and contains 40 to 44 per cent of crude protein and 

 8 to 9 per cent of fat. It should be nearly free from the hulls 

 and therefore contain little crude fiber. Cottonseed meal is 

 adulterated extensively with the tough, black hulls of the 

 cottonseed, which have a very low feeding value. This is es- 

 pecially true of the inferior grades of commercial cottonseed 

 meal, which are sold at a lower price than the standard grade. 



Linseed meal. Linseed oil is extracted from the flaxseed both 

 by pressure and by means of naphtha, the latter being com- 

 pletely removed from the resulting oil-meal and recovered for 

 use again. The " new process " of extraction removes the fat 

 more completely than the " old process " of pressure, and the 

 resulting linseed meal is somewhat poorer in fat and contains 

 somewhat more protein than the old-process meal. The pro- 

 cess of extraction by pressure has been so far perfected in recent 

 years, however, that the difference between the old-process and 

 new-process meal is distinctly less than formerly. The protein 

 of the new-process meal appears to be slightly less digestible 

 than that of the old-process meal, which tends still further to 

 reduce the difference between the two. 



Other oil meals. Oils are also manufactured commercially 

 from the seeds of the common peanut, the soybean, the oil 

 palm and the cocoa palm. The resulting oil cakes or meals are 

 extensively used as feeding stuffs in European countries but do 

 not appear to have as yet found access to the feed market of 

 the United States to any considerable extent. 



The corn-germ meal mentioned in connection with the gluten 

 feeds may also be classed as an oil-meal. 



697. By-products of starch and glucose manufacture. 

 Starch and glucose are made in the United States chiefly from 



