GENTLEMEN ADVENTURERS 33 



after the landing, the results of the colonists' labors 

 should be held in common, stored under careful super- 

 intendence in public depots or houses of deposit. And 

 this seems very nearly to have paralyzed effort; for in 

 the fourth year, when Sir Thomas Dale arrived 

 May, 161 1 to take charge of the Plantation, he found 

 it in a sad state for want of industry. Even "those 

 who were most energetic and honest by nature, were 

 indolent and indifferent in the work of the field." 



He went to work with the will that was characteris- 

 tic of him, to find ways and means of overcoming this 

 indifference ; and it was to this activity on his part that 

 the settlers owed their first real independent land hold- 

 ings. These were separate gardens, assigned by con- 

 sent and approval of the Council, to those men who had 

 proven themselves of superior merit; and a large num- 

 ber of these holdings, each amounting to three acres, 

 were given out under what amounted to a lease for 

 there was a common garden for the cultivation of flax 

 and hemp, wherein each was obliged to do his share of 

 the labor in order to retain his three acres. 



Not until 1619, however, during the administration 

 of Sir George Yeardley, did private and actual owner- 

 ship in the land become general; at this time "one 

 thousand acres were set apart for the maintenance of 

 the clergy, three thousand for the support of the Gover- 

 nor, ten thousand for the endowment of the University 



