78 OLD-FASHIONED GARDENING 



the symbol of a people. The Kip farm, famed for 

 its fruits and for its collection of rosacaa, also had a 

 garden of "Dutch regularity." Here Washington 

 was entertained while President, and presented with 

 a Rosa Gallica, which tradition says was introduced 

 to America here. Designs from the old Dutch work 

 on gardening by Jan van der Gro-en, as well as old 

 maps and plans generally, repeat aain the square, with 

 slight variations. 



We have seen how it was the form usually adopted 

 when the Elizabethan gardens were made. Parkin- 

 son accounts for this on the ground of its conforming 

 more nearly than anything else to the shape of the 

 house, but I am inclined to think the idea was intro- 

 duced, in the first place, through the advent in Eng- 

 land of the great numbers of Dutch refugees from 

 Spain's persecutions. England owes much to these 

 fugitives. They drained and reclaimed the fens as 

 they had drained and reclaimed their own low-lying 

 Holland; and they taught people many things, so that 

 an acre was "enabled to support double the number" 

 that it had sustained. Scientific farming was un- 

 known to the English prior to their arrival. In addi- 

 tion to practicing and teaching this, they introduced 

 many vegetables hitherto uncultivated, really revolu- 

 tionizing agriculture. In view of which, it hardly 

 seems likely that England would have had to wait 



