OLD-FASHIONED GARDENING 



uncertain; but the attempt was made in Kent County, 

 Maryland, some time during the eighteenth century. 

 Turf was cut and laid on edge in two rows, probably 

 from eighteen to twenty- four inches apart; the space 

 between this uncertain retaining medium was then 

 filled with "scooped up earth." Not a very sound 

 construction, surely; and no wonder the sheep and cat- 

 tle trampling it at the bottom affected it so that the 

 rain did the rest and such "walls" were abandoned. 



A wall of turf is a perfectly practical undertaking, 

 however, providing the sod is laid as brick, from the 

 bottom up; and laid flat, not on edge. But English 

 mud walls were not made in this way; they were truly 

 of mud, only it was mud mixed with hay or straw and 

 called "daub." This forms a very substantial and 

 durable structure, almost equal to brick. 



The stately Pennsbury had its "yards fenced in," 

 if Ralph, the gardener, hearkened to his master with 

 "doors to them." And the round pales which so little 

 pleased good William Penn evidently were the ban- 

 isters which, with a rail, he wished to have guard both 

 fronts of his house. Probably these inclosed a space 

 of smooth greensward upon which one stepped out 

 from either door, serving the purpose of a terrace. 



The commonest inclosure for the wider areas, when 

 they finally came to inclose them about the middle of 

 the eighteenth century probably, was a hedgerow. 



