110 ORGANIC DEPENDENCE AND DISEASE 



conspicuous partners, the combination was evidently at the 

 control of this active member which established itself on 

 the passive member as ease or convenience may have di- 

 rected; but continued such partnerships as established 

 habits. 



4. Complicated associations of three or more partners 

 became fixed only in secondary faunas and evince prede- 

 termined procedures in selection. 



5. In an early secondary fauna, casual or haphazard as- 

 sociation which found one creature's struggle for food 

 eased by the alimentary processes of another, led gradually 

 to habitual association which eventually became a fixed 

 habit and involved entire and lifelong dependence ; created 

 a parasitic state ; transmitted this acquired habit from gen- 

 eration to generation; compelled modification of form in 

 the parasite and unquestionably interfered with the ali- 

 mentary functions of the host. This habitude of dependent 

 parasitism lasted for millions of years and its culmination 

 took place not at the period of the highest development of 

 the offending organism but in the decline of the race when 

 racial strength was failing; but it did occur at the climax 

 of the host-species. There are evidences of a struggle on 

 the part of the host-species to throw off the parasite by the 

 erection of structural defenses for the obstructed function. 

 The host-species came to a sudden end. 



6. It appears to be evident that the members of the prim- 

 itive fauna and flora, that is, of the first assemblage of life, 

 were unimpaired by any "perturbation of normal activi- 

 ties." 



7. The first and primitive division through the kingdom 

 of life was just within the beginning, when the earthy ma- 

 terials breathed upon and infused with that interacting vi- 

 bratory force (bion) which we call Life, became in progres- 

 sive development in one part free from, and in the other 

 part attached to the earth out of which both emerged. Thus 

 came the chasm between the free animal and the dependent 



