AURANTII AMARI ET DULCIS CORTEX 25 



drugs, including quebracho bark, giving the qualities 

 of eight samples, as determined by Dr. Lyons' (395a) 

 method of examination. 



In 1899, a treatise from the pen of Frederick L. Lew- 

 ton (382a) presented in detail "the different kinds of 

 quebracho known in South America, as Quebracho 

 bianco, Q. Colorado, Q. moreno, Q. prieto, Q. negro, etc.," 

 the statement being made that these were derived from 

 ''trees belonging to widely distinct genera," all hard 

 woods, thus confirming the derivation of the name, as 

 accepted by the American Dispensatory. Mr. Lewton 

 states, furthermore, that although Quebracho bianco is 

 the tree yielding the bark used in medicine, its con- 

 sumption in South America is "insignificant when com- 

 pared to that of Quebracho Colorado." This latter 

 tree "yields (382a) 25 to 28 per cent, tannin, 10 per 

 cent, more than is yielded by the best sumach leaves." 

 The entire trunks are ground into sawdust, and ex- 

 ported for making extractives used in tanning. (Lew- 

 ton). 1 



AURANTII AMARI ET DULCIS CORTEX 



(Sweet and Bitter Orange) 



Orange Peel is mentioned in all editions of the U. S. P., begin- 

 ning in 1820, but not until 1860 is a division made between Sweet 

 and Bitter Orange, excepting that we must note that the New York 

 edition of 1830 recognizes Bitter Orange only. The 1860 edition 

 also recognizes Orange Flowers, which are retained in the 1870 and 

 1880 editions, but dropped in 1890. Both Sweet and Bitter 

 Orange Peel are official, from 1860 to the last edition, in 1910. 

 The official species for Bitter Orange, in 1910, is Citrus Auran- 

 tium amara, L., and for Sweet Orange, Citrus Aurantium sinen- 

 sis. 



Sweet and Bitter Orange. The orange, Citrus, was un- 

 known to the ancient Greeks and Romans. The Arabs, 



1 Mr. Lewton is now Curator of the Medical Division of the National Museum at 

 Washington. 



