50 PHARMACOPEIAL DRUGS 



East, and the original of our words caraway and carui, 

 as well as of the Spanish alcarahueya. In the descrip- 

 tion of Morocco by Edrisi, 12th century, it is stated 

 that the inhabitants of Sidjilmasa (in the southeastern 

 province), cultivate cotton, cumin, Caraway, henna 

 (Lawsonia alba, Lamarck). In the 13th century, cara- 

 way is compared to cumin and anise. The spice prob- 

 ably came into use about this period. It is not noticed 

 by St. Isidore, archbishop of Seville in the 7th century, 

 though he mentions fennel, dill, coriander, anise, and 

 parsley; nor is it named by St. Hildegard in Germany 

 in the 12th century. Neither have we found any refer- 

 ence to it in the Anglo-Saxon Herbarium of Apuleius, 

 written circa A. D. 1050, or in other works of the same 

 period, though cumin, anise, fennel and dill are all 

 mentioned. 



"On the other hand, in two German medicine-books 

 of the 12th and 13th centuries, there occurs the word 

 Cumich, which is still the popular name of caraway in 

 Southern Germany; and Cumin is also mentioned. In 

 the same period the seeds appear to have been used by 

 the Welsh physicians of Myddvai. Caraway was cer- 

 tainly in use in England at the close of the 14th century, 

 as it figures with coriander, pepper and garlick in the 

 Form of Cury, a roll of ancient English cookery compiled 

 by the master-cooks of Richard II about A. D. 1390. 



"The oriental names of caraway show that as a spice 

 it is not a production of the East: thus we find it 

 termed Roman (i. e. European), Armenian, mountain, 

 or foreign Cumin; Persian or Andalusian Caraway; or 

 foreign Anise. And though it is now sold in the Indian 

 bazaars, its name does not occur in the earlier lists of 

 Indian spices." 



