CINCHONA 67 



aborigines or the pioneer, is not wholly confined to 

 times gone by. 



INDIAN NAMES OF CINCHONA. Few historical writ- 

 ers disagree in that there were wide variations in the 

 spelling of the original Indian name for cinchona, 

 Quinia-quinia, among these being Quin-quinia, Quina- 

 quina, Quinquinia and Quinaquinia. Markham, 1 

 p. 5, footnote, says, "In Quichua, when the name of a 

 plant is duplicated, it almost invariably implies that 

 it is possessed of some medicinal qualities." Fliickiger 

 says, p. 81, that Quina-quinia was "adopted by the 

 Europeans, and that it became simplified into Quinia, 

 Kina, or China." The last term, China, is much em- 

 ployed in Homeopathic materia medicas. Among the 

 references to cinchona treatises given by Markham, 

 sixteen employ the name Quinquinia as the leading 

 title. 



Irving, p. 10, states that "The natives (location not 

 given. L.) are said to have known it by the name of 

 Ganapride, Guananepide, Chinanepide, and Quanan- 

 egine." He adds, "We are not sufficiently acquainted 

 with the language of those countries to understand 

 the import of these names. It is probable, however, 

 that some of them are derived from the known virtues 

 of the remedy, and others from particular circum- 

 stances respecting its discovery and appearance." 



Relph* uses the term Quinquinia continuously, for 



' Clement Roberts Markham was a traveler and author. He was born at Stillingfleet, 

 Yorkshire, England, July 20, 1830. His journeys were from the Arctic icpons U. the tropics, 

 where (tropics) he became interested in cinchona. In Peru he made studies of the locations 

 the trees occupied, and, collecting the young ones, introduced successfully cinchona to Eng- 

 land. A pronounced champion for the correct spelling of the "Countess 1 " name, he attacks 

 the misspelled word cinchona, demanding that it be chinchona. His 550-page volume on 

 the Peruvian barks, titled Chinchona, is a scholarly treatise by one acquainted with the 

 subject by personal experience and literary research. 



John Relph, M.D., was physician to Guy's Hospital in 1794. His 177-page volume 

 (see Bibliography following Cinchona) is devoted to "A new species of Peruvian bark lately 

 imported into this country under the name yellow bark." 

 6 



