108 PHARMACOPEIAL DRUGS 



are stated in the consular reports to be (1895), ten 

 thousand pounds, an amount considerably reduced in 

 later years, due, as we learn from another source, to the 

 export tax. The report suggests that probably colo- 

 cynth may be profitably cultivated in certain parts of 

 the United States. In this connection we may point 

 to Professor L. E. Sayre's paper on American Colo- 

 cynth, (Am. Journ. Pharm., 1894), (17b), and the culti- 

 vation of the drug in Montreal, as reported in 1895 by 

 Prof. T. D. Reed (Montreal Pharm. Journ., 1896). 

 (448a). Mr. C. B. Allaire, founder of Allaire, Wood- 

 ward & Company, Peoria, Illinois, investigated the 

 "bitter apple" that, native to the American desert, is 

 cathartic in action. For reasons commercial rather 

 than therapeutic, this drug was not available as a com- 

 petitor of imported colocynth. 



The drug is imported from Spain, Trieste, Smyrna, 

 Mogador, and elsewhere. 



CONIUM (Hemlock) 



All editions of the U. S. P., excepting that of 1910, mention 

 Conium, but they vary as concerns the part to be used. The 

 early editions, including the Philadelphia edition of 1830, mention 

 the leaves, only, of Conium maculatum, while the New York edi- 

 tion of 1830 mentions " The Leaves and Seeds.'J The 1840 edition 

 goes back to the leaves, while that of 1850 is the first to make 

 official "The fruit of Conium maculatum." The 1860 edition 

 goes back to "The leaves of conium," and in 1870 we find two 

 divisions, Conii Folia and Conii Fructus, Conium Seed, the latter 

 being described as "The full-grown fruit of Conium maculatum, 

 gathered while yet green and carefully dried." The Pharma- 

 copeias of 1880 and 1890 retain this description, as does that of 

 1900, the wording being slightly changed, as follows: "The full- 

 grown but unripe fruit of Conium maculatum, carefully dried 

 and preserved." The edition of 1910 makes no mention of 

 Conium. 



Conium maculatum is native to Asia Minor and the 

 islands of the Mediterranean. It has been naturalized 



