116 PHARMACOPEIAL DRUGS 



answer that description, is C. bijuga, the wood of the 

 branches of which is pale-red, which color may appear 

 as red in the trunk of the tree. Hayne also states that 

 copaiba is gathered from all species known to the na- 

 tives, and concludes that most of the balsam is yielded 

 by C. muUijuga in the province of Para, a species, how- 

 ever, which is now questioned. 



According to Fliickiger (239, 240), the following 

 species are the principal sources of the copaiba of com- 

 merce : 



1. Copaifera officinalis, L. (Guiana, Venezuela, 

 Colombia, Trinidad). 



2. Copaifera guianensis, Desf. (Lower Amazon, 

 lower Rio Negro, Cayenne, Surinam). 



3. C. coriacea, Martius. (Bahia and Piauhy). 



4. C. Langsdorffii, Desf. (Continental provinces of 

 Brazil). 



The number of known species has steadily increased 

 until now the Index Kewensis recognizes twenty-three 

 American and five African species. 



The copaiba obtained from the vast territory of the 

 Brazilian continent, along the Amazon and its tribu- 

 taries, is collected in the shipping port of Para. Maran- 

 hao Island is also a place of export. Other shipping 

 ports are Maracaibo and Angustura in Venezuela, 

 Trinidad, Demerara, (British Guiana), Cartagena 

 (Colombia), and Rio de Janeiro. This article is largely 

 a condensation of a contribution of Dr. Sigmund Wald- 

 bott and the writer to the Western Druggist, Chicago. 



