KINO 177 



who as a matter of business made it known to the 

 professions of medicine and pharmacy. 



KINO 



Official in U. S. P., all editions, from 1820 to and including 

 1910. 



Kino is the dried juice of a handsome timber tree, 

 Pterocarpus Marsupium, a native of the southern parts 

 of the Indian Peninsula and Ceylon. It is also obtained 

 from several other trees that partake of the qualities of 

 an astringent drug. One of these, Pterocarpus indicus, 

 is a tree of Southern India, the Malay Peninsula, and 

 the Philippine Islands. The drug, used by natives 

 from time immemorial, was introduced into commerce 

 by Fothergill (244), 1757. It came from the River 

 Gambia, in Western Africa, where it had been pre- 

 viously noticed by Moore (449), who in his "Travels 

 Into the Inland Parts of Africa," 1737, mentioned the 

 product under the name Kano. Mungo Park, 1805, 

 sent specimens of the tree to England, and from that 

 date African kino has been a regular product of the 

 English drug market. According to Duncan (202), in 

 the Edinburgh Dispensatory, 1803, kino as found in 

 England was an African product, but he recognized a 

 variety, indistinguishable from this, coming from Ja- 

 maica. In the 1811 edition of the same work he asserts 

 that the African drug is out of market, and that the 

 East India Company now supplies the market from Ja- 

 maica and New South Wales. It is evident that, as 

 with Krameria, many species and varieties of the tree, 

 native to widely different sections of the world, produce 

 the substance known as kino, which, aside from the 

 East India tree, Pterocarpus Marsupium, are accepted 



