178 PHARMACOPEIAL DRUGS 



as being very nearly identical with the material yielded 

 by the kino tree of tropical Africa. Kino is obtained by 

 incising the tree and removing the red jelly as it exudes, 

 then drying it by exposure to the air. It is mildly 

 astringent, and has been used in the manufacture of 

 wine. 



KRAMERIA (Krameria, Khatany) 



Official from 1830, both editions, to 1900. Not mentioned 

 in 1820, (nor in 2d edition, 1828), nor in 1910. 



The shrub, Krameria triandra, is native to the bare 

 and sandy slopes of the Bolivian and Peruvian Cor- 

 dilleras, where it grows at from 3,000 to 8,000 feet above 

 sea level. It is often found in great abundance, stand- 

 ing in solid beds scarcely a foot high, and peculiarly 

 attractive by reason of its silver-gray foliage and star- 

 like flowers. The root of commerce comes from the 

 north and east of Lima, and the northern part of Peru. 

 The Spanish botanist Hipolito Ruiz (562, 563), in 1784, 

 observed the native women of Huanuco and Lima using 

 this drug as a tooth preservative and an astringent. 



On his return to Europe, in 1806, he introduced the 

 root into Spain, and from that country it gradually 

 spread throughout Europe. The first that reached 

 England, however, was part of the cargo of a Spanish 

 prize. Specimens of this came into the hands of Dr. 

 Reece (540), who recommended it to the profession, 

 1806, in his Medicinal and Chirurgical Review, London. 

 There are other species and kinds of rhatany, one, in- 

 vestigated by the writer of this article some years ago, 

 as found in Florida, the qualities of which could scarcely 

 be distinguished from those of the astringent South 

 American drug. This Florida drug was also noticed by 

 Dr. E. M. Hale, of Chicago, a well-known Homeopathic 



