192 PHARMACOPEIAL DRUGS 



ing of malted liquors since a very early date, and 

 malt liquors have been in domestic use, both as a bever- 

 age and an extract, for a very long period. The intro- 

 duction of malt into the Pharmacopeia resulted from 

 the empirical use of the semi-proprietary "Extracts of 

 Malt," which a few years after the middle of the last 

 century became popular in domestic as well as in pro- 

 fessional use. Its introduction to medicine is, however, 

 (as with many other substances, of merit or otherwise), 

 due largely to the efforts of manufacturing pharmacists. 



MANNA (Manna) 



Official in all editions of the U. S. P., from 1820 to 1910. 

 Biblical manna was a food that sustained the Israel- 

 ites in the wilderness (Ex. xvi: 14-36; Numbers xi: 6, 7). 

 It was believed to be of miraculous origin, as though 

 falling from Heaven. 



''Each morning, on the ground, 

 Not common dew, but Manna did abound." 



Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas' Weeks, ii. Eden (Cent. 

 Did.) 



That the idea of a miraculous, heaven-supplied food 

 is not even yet considered irrational, is shown in our 

 study of American Manna (pp. 194, 195). 



"In an official report received today, Consul Heizar 

 states that manna is found now in the regions of 

 Upper Mesopotamia and Kurdistan, and along the 

 Persian frontier. It falls, he says, in the form of dew 

 during September, October, and November. It is eaten 

 by the natives." (New York Times, March 23, 1921.) 

 To this we will add that a twenty-four hour sand storm 

 that we met in Egypt in 1906, not far from the place 

 where Moses is said to have led the Israelites across 



