44 BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



ANALYSIS OP HIGHER GROUPS. 



a. 1 Rectrices present. 



6. 1 Nostrils not tubular. 



c. 1 Hind toe, if present, not connected with the anterior ones by a 



membrane. 

 d, 1 Bill without fringed or serrate tomia. 



e. 1 Anterior toes not webbed, or else legs excessively length- 

 ened. 

 /- 1 Lower part of tibia feathered, or else toes united for 



most of their length. 



e .' Bill not hooked, or else without cere. 

 h. 1 Hind toe, if present, incumbent. 



i. 1 No web between bases of anterior toes. 

 j. 1 Toes 3 or 4 anteriorly. 



A. 1 Anterior toes eleft to the base, or 

 else not united beyond first pha- 

 lanx. 

 I. 1 Secondaries more than 6. 



m. 1 Middle toe considerably 

 longer than the lateral 

 ones. 

 n. 1 Base of bill without 



cere. 



o. 1 Posterior half of 

 tarsus undivided, 

 or if divided the 

 segments distinct 

 from those on an- 

 terior portion. 



Fasseres (Oscines). 



o. 2 Posterior half of 



tarsus reticulate. 



or else anterior 



covering wrap- 



p i n g entirely 



around the outer 



and posterior 



sides to a groove 



on the inner 



side,.Passeres (Clamatores). 



n.* B.ose of bill consisting 



of a soft, swollen 



cere Columbae. 



m. a Middle toe not longer than 

 one or the other of the 



outer ones 



Macrochires (Oypseli). 



J. s Secondaries 6 Macrochires (Trochili). 



k* Anterior toes connected at base for 

 more than their basal phalanx 



Coccyges (Alcyones). 

 j? Toes 2 anteriorly. 



k. 1 Bill strongly hooked 



Psittaci (North American species). 



