126 BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



8. H. peregrina. Adult t: Above olive-green, the head and neck ash-gray, 



without colored crown-patch, but with a narrow dusky streak through the 

 eye; lower parts white. Adult s: Similar, b'lt gray of head tinged with 

 greenish, and white of lower parts soiled with yellowish olive, especially on 

 sides. Young: Head and neck olive-green, like othei upper parts; lower 

 parts strongly tinged with olive-yellowish, the lower tail-coverts, however, 

 always pure white. 



9. H. cincinnatiensis. Above olive-green, the forehead yellow, and crown blotched 



with black; rest of head, with whole lower parts, yellow, the side of head 

 marked by a broad loral and suborbital patch of black. 



Helminthophila pinus (Linn) 



BLUE- WINGED WARBLER. 



Popular synonyms. Blue-winged Yellow Warbler; Blue-winged Swamp Warbler. 

 Certhia pinus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, i, 1766. 187. 



Helminthopliaga pinus BATED. B. N. Am. 1858, 251; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, No. 180; Review. 

 1864, 174. COUES, Key, 1872, 94; Check List, 1873, No. 62; 2d ed. 1882, No. 98; B. N. W. 

 1874. 49; B. Col. Val. 1878, 214.-B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. i. 1874. 195. pi. 11. fig. 1. - 

 RIDGW. Norn. N. Am. 1881. N. 79. 



Helminthophila pinus RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. 01. vii, 1882, 53. 

 Sylvia s iliiaria WILS. Am. Orn. ii. 1810, 109, pi. 15. fig. 4,-NuTT. Man. i. 1832. 410. AUD. 



Orn. Biog. i. 1832. 102, pi. 20. 



Helinaia solitaria AUD. Synop. 18:59. 69; B. Am. ii. 1811. 98, pi. 111. 



HAS. Eastern United States, chiefly south of 40 and west of the Alleghanies; north. 

 Irregularly to Massachusetts and Michigan, and west to border of the Great Plains. In 

 winter, eastern Mexico and Guatemala. 



SP. CHAR. Adult s: Forehead, fore part of crown, cheeks, and entire lower parts (ex- 

 cept crissum), pure gamboge-yellow, most intense on forehead; crissum and lining of 

 wing white, usually more or less tinged with yellow. Occiput, cervix, back, scapulars, and 

 rump, plain olive-green, brightest on the rump, where more tinged with yellow; wings 

 and tail bluish gray, the former crossed by two white bands, formed by tips of middle 

 and greater coverts; two outer tail feathers with most of the inner web white, the third 

 with about the teminal half white. Lores and a narrow po%tocular streak, deep black. 

 Bill wholly deep black; iris brown; legs and feet dull plumbeous, more or less tinged 

 with yellowish, especially on solos of toes. In autumn, similar, but yellow of forehead 

 more or less obscured by olive-green; maxilla dark plumbeous or brownish black, its 

 edge, with mandible, dull flesh color, or purplish brown, the latter with a blackish stripe 

 along each side. Adult s: Similar to the i, but colors appreciably duller. 



Total length, 4.65-5.; extent. 7. -7 .50; wing, about 2.40-2.50.; tail, 2. -2.10; culmen. .50; 

 tarsus, .70. 



In half-cleared fields which have grown up to sprouts, and in rich 

 open woods in the bottom-lands, where the switch-cane forms a con- 

 siderable proportion of the undergrowth, the Blue-winged Yellow 

 Warbler is one of the characteristic birds. The male is a persistent 

 singer during the breeding season, and thus betrays his presence to 

 the collector, who finds this of all species one of the easiest to pro- 

 cure. His song is very rude, however, resembling more that of the 

 Yellow-winged Sparrow than any other bird whose song I have 

 heard. The nest is built on the ground, among upright stalks, rest- 

 ing on a thick foundation of dry leaves. 



