MNIOTILTIDJE THE AMERICAN WARBLERS. 167 



the female must slyly leave the nest at the approach of the intruder 

 and run beneath the herbage until a considerable distance from the 

 nest, when joined by her mate, the pair by their evident anxiety 

 mislead the collector as to its location. However this may be, 

 the writer has never found a nest of this species except by acci- 

 dent, although he has repeatedly searched every square foot of 

 ground within a radius of many yards of the spot where a pair 

 showed most uneasiness at his presence. 



SUBGENTJS Geothlypis CABANIS. 



Geothlypis CABANIS, Wiegmann's Archiv, 1847, i, 316,349. ID. Schomburgk's Relse, 

 Guiana, 1848. 



"GEN. CHAE. Bill sylvicoline, rather depressed, and distinctly notched ; rictal bristles 

 very short or wanting. Wings short, rounded, scarcely longer than the tail; the first quill 

 shorter than the fourth. Tail long; much rounded or graduated. Legs stout; tarsi elon- 

 gated, as long as the head. Olive-green above, belly yellow. Tail-feathers immaculate. 

 Legs yellow." (Hist. N. Am. B.) 



COMMON CHARACTERS. Above plain olive-greenish, beneath plain yellowish (except 

 on throat and jugulum, in G. Philadelphia and its western representative. Q.macgilli- 

 vrayi). 



1. G. trichas. Adult male: Forehead, lores, and aurioulars black, bordered behind by 

 light ash-gray or grayish white, (sometimes tinged with yellowish) ; lower parts 

 bright yellow, the abdomen usually dull whitish. Adult female: Forehead and 

 auriculars olive-brown, like rest of upper parts, the former usually tnged with 

 reddish brown; no gray or whitish on head, and lower parts less distinctly yel- 

 low. Young, flrst plumage: Above uniform olive-brown, beneath deep buff, or 

 light ochraceous. 



2. G. Philadelphia. Adult male: Head and neck plumbeous, with more or less of a 

 black patch on the jugulum; eyelids blackish. Adult female: Head smoky gray, 

 tinged with olive ; the throat pale yellowish gray ; eyelids, and an indistinct post- 

 ocular bar dull whitish or pale dingy yellowish.* 



Geothlypis trichas (Linn.) 



A. tricha8.-MAEYLA D ELLOW-THBOAT. 



Popular synonyms. Black-masked Ground Warbler; Black-cheeked Yellow- throat; 

 Black-spectacled Warbler; Brier Wren; Yellow Brier Wren. 

 Turdus frtcfcosLiNN. S. N. ed. 12,i,176P,29". 

 Sylvia trichas LATH. NUTT. Man. i, 1832, 401. Atn>. Orn. Biog. i, 1832,120; v. 1839, 463, 



pL'23. 



Geothlypis trichas CABAN. M. H. i, 1850, 16. BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 241; Cat N. Am. B. 

 1859, No. 170; Review, 1865, 220. COUES, Key. 1872, 1C7; Che< k List, 1873, No. 97; 2d 

 ed. 1882. No. 141; B. N. W. 1874,74; B. Col. Val. 1878, 3i>9. 3. B. & R. Hist N. Am. B. i, 

 1874,297,pL IS.flgs. 7,8. RIDGW. Nom. N. Am. B. 1881,No. 122. 



*The western representative of this species, G. ma -g illivrayi, is very similar, but 

 differs in proportions, the tail being decidedly longer. The male is without a solid black 

 patch on the jugulum, and the eyelids are distinctly white, in very marked contrast with 

 the velvety-black lores. 



