THE WAXWINGS. 199 



of subdued but harmoniously blended and contrasted colors, and are 

 besides of most graceful form. They may be distinguished as fol- 

 lows: 



COMMON CHARACTERS. A lengthened crest of soft blended feathers. Colors, soft silky- 

 brownish becoming more vinaceous anteriorly, and ashy posteriorly above. A black 

 stripe on side of head, from nasal feathers across lores through the eye and behind it 

 beneath crest, and a patch of the same on chin, with a white streak between on side of 

 lower jaw. 



A. Wing variegated. Lower tail-coverts rufous. Crest much developed. Forehead 

 and side of head bright purplish rufous. Black patch covering whole throat, and 

 sharply defined. No white line between black of lores, etc., and brown of forehead. 

 Inner webs of primaries tipped narrowly with white. 



a. Terminal band of tail rose-red. 



A. japonioa.* Greater wing-coverts dull red. No yellow on tips of primaries. 

 Eufous of crissum stained with red. Hab. Japan and eastern Siberia. 



6. Terminal band of tail rich yellow. 



A. garrulus. Secondaries and primary coverts tipped with white, forming two 

 broad short bands. Primaries with outer webs often tipped with yellow. Hal>. 

 Arctic regions of both hemispheres; in winter, south into northern United 

 States and along Eocky Mountains as far as Fort Massachusetts, New Mexico. 



B. Wings unvariegated. Lower tail-coverts white. Crest moderately developed. 

 Forehead, etc., not different from crest. Chin, only, black, this fading gradually into 

 the brown of throat. A white line between black of lores, etc., and brown of forehead. 



a. Terminal band of tail rich yellow. 



A. cedromm. Wings plain bluish- ashy. Eab. Whole of North America, from 

 52 N., south to Guatemala, Jamaica and Cuba in winter. 



Ampelis garrulus Linn. 



BOHEMIAN WAXWING. 



Popular synonyms. Northern Chatterer or Waxwing; European Chatterer or Wax- 

 wing; Black-throated Waxwing; Waxen Chatterer. 



Lanius garrulus LTNN. S. N. ed. 10, i, 1758, 95. 



Ampelis garrulus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, i, 1766. 297. BAKRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 307, 923; Cat. N. Am. 

 B. 1859,No. 232; Review, 1866, 405.-COUES, Key, 1872, 115; Check List, 1873, No. 118; 2d 

 ed. 1882, No. 166; B. N. W. 1874, 91; B. Col. Val. 1878,459. B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. i, 

 1874,396 pi. 18, flg. 1. BH>GW. Nom. N. Am. B. 1881. No. 150. > * 



Eombycilla garrula VIEILL. 1828. -Sw. & EICH. F. B. A. ii.1831, 237. NUTT. Man. ii,1834. 



579. A UD. Orn. Biog. iv, 1838, 462, pi. 363; Synop. 1839 165; B. Am. iv,1842, 1865, pL 2J5. 



HAB. Northern parts of Northern Hemisphere; in North America, breeding in the 



northern coniferous forests, south to northern border of the United States, in Eocky 



Mountains; in winter, south, more or less regularly to lat. 40. irregularly, still farther 



south. Not recorded from Pacific coast south of Alaska. 



"Sp. CHAB. Crest lengthened. Body generally soft, silky brownish-ashy, with a pur- 

 plish cast, the wing-coverts and scapulars more brownish, becoming more reddish 

 anteriorly and ashy posteriorly; the rump and upper tail-covert, as well as the second- 

 aries, being nearly pure ash. Anteriorly the color passes gradually into deep vinaceous 

 chestnut on the forehead to behind the eye and on the cheeks; abdomen yellowish white. 

 Lower tail-coverts deep chestnut. A stripe on side of the head, covet ing the lores and 

 nasal feathers (scarcely meeting across the forehead), involving the eye and continued 

 back toward the occiput and beneath the crest, with a large patch covering the chin and 

 throat, deep black ; a narrow crescent on lower eyelid, and a short stripe between the black 

 of the throat and that of the chin at the base of the lower mandible, two very broad bars on 

 * Ampelis phcenicopterum TEMM. PI. Col. ii.1838, pi. 450. 



