FRINGILLIIXE THE FINCHES. 271 



B Crown grayish brown, streaked with black, at all ages. 



4. S. pallida. Adult: Crown streaked black and brown, divided by a distinct 

 stripe of light brownish gray ; nape ash-gray; ear-coverts light brownish, 

 edged above and below by a dusky streak; distinct maxillary and superciliary 

 stripes of brownish white, the former bordered underneath by a dusky bridle; 

 beneath continuous white, the breast and sides faintly shaded with grayish 

 brown. Young: Head more tinged with fulvous, and the markings less dis- 

 tinct; breast streaked with dusky. 



5. S. breweri. Adult: Crown pale grayish brown, streaked with black, and with- 

 out middle stripe; nape and back similar; no distinct superciliary or maxillary 

 stripe. and ear-coverts but slightly darker than adjoining portions. Young: 

 Similar, but breast streaked with dusky. 



Spizella monticola (Gmel.) 



TREE SPARROW, 



Popular synonyms. Canadian Sparrow; Winter Chippy. 

 Fringilla rnonticnla GMEL. S. N. i. 1788,912. 



Spizella monticola BAIBD.B. N. Am. 1858,472; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, No. 357. COUES, Key, 

 1872. 142; Check List, 1873. No. 177; 2ded. 1882, No. 268; B. N. W. 1874, 146.-B. B. &B. 

 Hist N. Am. B. ii,1874, 3, pi. 27, fig. 5. 

 Fringilla canadensis LATH. Ind. Orn. i, 1790, 434. NUTT. Man. i, 1832, 495. AUD. Orn. 



Biog. ii,1834, 511; v, 1839, 504, pi. 188. 

 Emberiza canadensis Sw. & RICH. 1831. AUD. Synop. 1839, 105; B. Am, iii. 1841, 83, 



pi. 166. 



Fringilla arborea WILS. Am. Orn. ii, 1810, 12, pi. 16, fig. 3. 

 Spizella montana "(FOBST.)" RIDGW. Norn. N. Am. B. 1881, No. 210. 



HAB. Eastern North America, breeding (so far as known) wholly north of the United 

 States (Labrador, Hudson's Bay Terr., and thence nearly or quite to the Arctic coast), 

 wintering chiefly within the United States. (In western North America represented by 

 the paler colored JS. monticola ochracea BBEWSTEB, which breeds in A,laska, and mi- 

 grates in winter to the Western States and Territories.) 



SP. CHAB. Mandible yellow, maxilla black. Pileum rich rufous, also a distinct post- 

 ocular stripe ; sides of head light ash-gray, including a broad superciliary stripe, the 

 latter nearly white anteriorly. Nape mixed ashy and rufous. Back rusty ochraceous, 

 streaked with rufous and black. Wings rusty, the feathers blackish centrally; both rows 

 of wing-coverts broadly tipped with pure white, forming two distinct bands; tertials 

 bordered with white toward ends. Bump uniform grayish olive. Tail dark grayish 

 brown, feathers edged with paler. Lower parts whitish, tinted with ashy anteriorly, 

 sides and flanks tinged with ochraceous, sides of breast tinged with rufous, and middle 

 of jugulum with a dusky spot Total length, 6.25-6.50 inches; extent, 9.25-9.50; wing, 

 about 2.80-3.10; tail. 2.80-3.00. 



This pretty little sparrow is one of our most common and familiar 

 winter residents, occurring everywhere throughout the State, and in 

 the sheltered bushy swamps in the more southern counties con- 

 gregating in immense numbers. It comes familiarly about the door- 

 yards and gardens, gleaning from the snow in company with Snow- 

 birds (Junco hyemalis) and other winter residents. During the 

 warmer days of winter, or even if the weather be cold though 

 clear, the rich medley of soft jingling notes uttered by a number of 



