296 BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



seen three males and two females near together, picking up corn 

 which had been dropped upon a railroad track from a passing 

 train. Except possibly in the extreme northern portion of the 

 State it is a permanent resident, being apparently not affected in 

 the least by changes in the weather. 



GENUS HABIA EEICHENBACH. 



Habia REICH. Syst. Av. June 1, 1850, pi. Ixxviii. Type Guiraca melanocephala SWAINS. 

 Hedymeles CABAN. Mus. Hein. i, 1851, 153. Type Loxia ludoviciana LINN. 

 Zamelodia COUES, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, April, 1880, 98. Same type. 



"GEN. CHAB. Bill very large, much swollen; lower mandible scarcely deeper than 

 the upper; feet almost coccothraustine; tarsi and toes very short, the claws stronger and 

 much curved, though blunt First four primaries longest, and nearly eaual, abruptly 

 larger than the fifth. Tail broad, perfectly square. Colors: Black, white and red, or 

 black, cinnamon, yellow, and white, on the male; the females brownish, streaked, with 

 the axillars and lining of the yellow." (Hist. N. Am. B.) 



The only known species of this genus are North American and 

 may be distinguished as follows: 



COMMON CHABACTEES. Males. Head and upper parts (except rump) deep black. Two 

 broad bands across coverts, a large patch on base of primaries, and terminal half of inner 

 webs of tail-feathers, pure white. Breast carmine or cinnamon; axillars and lining of 

 wing carmine or gamboge. Females. Black replaced by ochraceous brown; other parts 

 more streaked. 



H. ludoviciana. Rump and lower parts white; lining of wing, and patch on breast, 

 rosy carmine. No nuchal collar. Female. Lining of wing saffron- yellow; breast 

 with numerous streaks. Hob. Eastern Province of North America, south, in 

 winter, to Ecuador. 



H. melanocephala. Rump and lower parts cinnamon; lining of wing and middle of 

 abdomen gamboge-yellow. A nuchal collar of cinnamon. Female. Lining of 

 wing lemon-yellow; breast without streaks; abdomen tinged with lemon-yellow. 



Habia ludoviciana (Linn.) 



ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK. 



Popular synonyms. Rose-breasted Song Grosbeak; Red-breasted Grosbeak; Potato- 

 bug Bird. 



Loxia ludoviciana LINN. S. N. ed. 12, i, 1766, 306. Wn-s. Am. Orn. ii, 1810, 135, pi. 17. fig. 2. 

 Fringilla ludoviciana Bp.-Nurr. Man. i, 1832, 527.-AUD. Orn. Biog. ii. 1834, 166; v.1839. 



513.pL 127. 



Guiraca ludoviciana Sw. 1837. BAIBD.B. N. Am. 1858.497; Cat N. Am. B. 1859, No. 380. 

 Goniaphea ludoviciana "BOWDITCH" COUES, Key, 1872, 148; Check List. 1874, No. 193; 



B. N. W. 1874.166. 



Coccoborus ludovicianus AUD. Synop. 1839 133; B. Am. iii 1841, 209. pi. 205. 

 Hedymeles ludovicianus CABAN. 1851. B. B. & R. Hist N. Am. B. ii. 1874, 70, pi. 30, figs. 4. 5. 

 Zamelodia ludoviciana COUES, Bull. Nutt Orn. Club, v. April, 1880, 98; 2d Check List. 



1882. No. 2S9. RIDOW. Nom. N. Am. B. 1881. No. 244. 

 Loxia rosea WELB. Am. Orn. ii. 1810. 136. 



