374 BIED8 OF ILLINOIS. 



B. Posterior outer toe considerably shorter than the anterior outer one. (Fourth toe 

 shorter than third.) 



5. Ceophloens. Bill depressed. Lateral ridge above the middle of the lateral pro- 

 file near the base. Nostrils elliptical, wide, and rounded anteriorly. Tail almost 

 as in Sphyrapicus. A pointed occipital crest, as in Campephilus. 



Section Melanerpeoe. 



6. Melanerpes. 



Back and wings banded transversely with black and white. Crown more or 

 less red ; rest of head with under parts grayish, and with red or yellow tinge on 

 the middle of the abdomen. Bump white. (Subgenus Centurus.) 



Upper parts uniform black, without bands, with or without a white rump ; 

 variable beneath, but without transverse bands. (Subgenus Melanerpes.) 



Section Colaptea. 



7. Colaptes. Above brown, barred with black; a white spoton rump ; lower parts, 

 posterior to black crescent on chest, vinaceous white or pale vinaceous, hand- 

 somely spotted with black; shafts of auills and tail-feathers bright yellow or red. 



GENUS CAMPEPHTLTJS GRAY. 



Campephilus GBAY, List of Genera, 1840, 54. Type, Pious principalis LINN. 



"GEN. CHAB. Bill considerably longer than the head, much depressed, or broader 

 than high at the base, becoming somewhat compressed near the middle and gradually 

 beveled off at the tip. Culmen very slightly curved, gonys as concave, the curve scarce- 

 ly appreciable ; commissure straight. Culmen with a parallel ridge on each side, start- 

 ing a little above the centre of the basal outline of the bill, the ridge projecting outwards 

 and downwards, and a slight concavity between it and the acute ridge of the culmen. 

 Gonys considerably more than half the commissure. Nostrils oval, below the lateral 

 ridge near the base of the bill; concealed by the bristly feathers directed forward. Simi- 

 lar feathers are seen at the sides of the lower jaw and on the chin. 



' Teet large ; outer hind toe much longest ; claw of inner fore toe reaching to middle of 

 outer fore claw ; inner hind toe scarcely more than half the outer one ; its claw reaching as 

 far as the base of the inner anterior claw, considerably more than half the outer anterior 

 toe. Tarsus rather shorter than the inner fore toe. Tail long, cuneate ; shafts of the four 

 middle feathers abruptly much larger than the others, and with a deep groove running 

 continuously along their under surface; webs of the two middle feathers deflected, 

 almost against each other, so that the feathers appear narrower at the base than termi- 

 nally. Wings long and pointed, the third, fourth, and fifth auills longest; sixth second- 

 ary longest, leaving six 'tertials,' instead of three or four as usual; primaries long, at- 

 tenuated. Color continuous black, relieved by white patches. Head with a pointed occi- 

 pital crest." (Hist. 2f. Am. .} 



This genus embraces the largest of known Woodpeckers. The 

 largest species is C. imperialis GOULD, of western Mexico, which con- 

 siderably exceeds our Ivory-billed Woodpecker (C. principalis) in 

 size, having the bill three and a half inches long (measured from 

 the forehead) and the wing more than thirteen inches. 



Campephilus principalis (Linn.) 



IVOBY-BILLED WOODPECKER 



Popular synonyms. White-billed Woodpecker; White-billed Logcock. 

 Picus principalis LINN S. N. ed. 12, 1766, 173. WIL.S. Am. Orn. iv, 1811, 20, pi. 39, flg. 6. 

 Aup. Orn. Biog. i, 1832, 341; v. 1839. 625. pi. 66; B. Am. iv, 1842, 214, pi. 256. 



