PICID-E THE WOODPECKERS. 387 



Colaptes auratus (Linn.) 



FLICKER 



Popular synonyms. Yellow-hammer; Yellow- shafted Flicker; Wake-up; High-holder, 

 or High-hole; Clape; Golden- winged Woodpecker; Pigeon Woodpecker. 



Cuculus auratus LINN. 8. N. ed. 10, i, 1758. 112. 



Picus auratus LINN. 8. N. ed. 12, i, 1766, 174. WILS. Am. Orn. i, 1808, 45, pL 3, fig. 1. 

 NUTT. Man. i, 1832, 56L-AUD. Orn. Biog. i, 1832, 191; v, 1839, 540. pi. 37; Synop. 1839, 

 184; B. Am. iv. 1842. 282, pi. 273. 



Colaptes auratus Sw. 1827. BAIBD, B. N. Am. 1858. 118; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, No. 97. 

 CouBS.Key. 1872,197; Check List. 1874. No. 312; 2d ed. 1882. No. 457; B. N. W. 1874.292.- 

 B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. ii. 1874. 575, pL 55, figs. 1.2. RIDGW. Norn. N. Am. B. 1881. 

 No. 378. 



HAS. Eastern and northern North America, including: all wooded parts of Alaska, 

 south to Sitka; south to Florida and eastern Texas, west to euge of Great Plains; casual 

 in California. 



"SP. CHAB. Shafts and under surfaces of wing- and tail-feathers gamboge-yellow. 

 Male with a black patch on each side of the cheek. A red crescent on the nape. Throat 

 and stripe beneath the eye pale lilac-brown. Back glossed with olivaceous green. 

 Female without the black cheek-patch. 



" ADDITION ALCHABACTEBS. Acrescentic patch on the breast and rounded spots on 

 the belly black. Back and wing-coverts with interrupted transverse bands of black. 

 Neck above and on the sides ashy. Beneath pale pinkish brown, tinged with yellow on 

 the abdomen, each feather with a heart-shaped spot of black near the end. Rump white. 

 Length, 12.50; wing, 6.00." (Hist. N. Am. B.) 



Wing. 5.50-6.40; tail. 4.50-4.90. 



Specimens from Mt Carmel measured, before skinning, as follows: 



Adult males: Total length, 12.15-12.75; extent. 19.60-20.75. 



Adult females: Total length. 12.00-12.25; extent. 19.25-19.75. 



To so common and well-known a bird as the "Yellow-hammer" 

 or Flicker, we need here give but a brief notice. It is universally 

 distributed throughout the State, and is everywhere a permanent 

 resident. 



Colaptes hybridus (Baird.) 



HYBEID FLICKER. 



Colaptes ayresii AUD. B. Am. vii, 1843, 348, pL 494. 

 Colaptes hybridus BAIBD, B. N. Am. 1858, 122; Cat, N. Am. B. 1859. No. 98o. 



Colaptes auratus hybridus RIDGW. Nom. N. Am. B. 1881. No. 378a, 1L 

 Colaptes aurato-mexicanus STJNDEV. Consp. Av. Picin. 1866. 72. 



HAB. Western United States, but chiefly the region of the upper Missouri, and thence 

 across the northern border and south into California. 



CHAB. Intermediate between C. auratus and C. mexicanus, the character of the two 

 species being mixed in various degrees, in different specimens. Typical combinations 

 are as follows: 



