BUBONUXE THE OWLS. 405 



arctic region, but is sufficiently distinct. Of the subgenus Brachyotus 

 there are two American species besides the nearly cosmopolitan 

 A. accipitrinus, namely, A. galapagoensis GOULD, confined to the 

 Galapagos Islands, and A. portoricensis EIDGW., peculiar to the 

 island of Porto Eico. 



Asio wilsonianus (Less.) 



AMERICAN LONG-EASED OWL. 



Popular synonym. Lesser Horned Owl. 



Strix otus WILS. Am. Orn. vii,1812, 73, pi. 51. fig. 3 (nee LINN). NUTT. Man. 1. 1832, 130. 



AtJD. Orn. Biog. iv, 1835, 573, pi. 83. 

 Strix (Asio) otus Sw. & EICH. F. B.-A.ii,1831,72. 

 Otus wilsonianus LESS. Traite, 1. 1831.110. CASS. in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 53. BATED. 



Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, No. 51. 

 Otus vulgarisvar. wilsonianus ALLEN, 1872. COUES, Key, 1872,204; Check List, 1873. No. 



320.-B. B. & E. Hist. N. Am. B. iii, 1874, 18. 

 Otus vulgaris b. wilsonianus COUES, B. N. W. 1874, 304. 

 Asio wilsonianus COUES. 2d Check List. 1882. No. 472. 

 Otus vulgaris americanus SCHLEG. 1862. (Nee Strix americana GMEL.)' 

 Asio otus, subsp. a. Asio americanus SHABPE, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ii, 1875, 229. 

 Asio americanus BIDGW. Nom. N. Am. B. 1881, No. 395, 



HAS. North America in general, north to the limit of forests, south to Mexican table- 

 lands. 



SP. CHAB. Adult. Upper surface transversely mottled with blackish brown and 

 grayish white, the former predominating, especially on the dorsal region ; feathers of the 

 nape and wings ochraceous beneath the surface ; lower scapulars with a few obsolete 

 spots of white on lower webs. Primary coverts dusky, with transverse series of dark 

 mottled grayish spots, these becoming somewhat ochraceous basally; ground color of 

 the primaries grayish, this especially prevalent on the inner quills; the basal third (or 

 less) of all ochraceous, this decreasing in extent on inner feathers, the grayish tint every- 

 where finely mottled transversely with dusky, but the ochraceous unvaried; primaries 

 crossed by a series of about seven quadrate blackish brown spots, these anteriorly about 

 as wide as the intervening yellowish or mottled grayish; the interval between the pri- 

 mary coverts and the first of these spots about .80 to 1.00 inch on the fourth quill, the 

 spots on the inner and outer feathers approaching the coverts, or even underlying them ; 

 the inner primaries or, in fact, the general exposed surface with much narrower bars 

 of dusky. Ground color of the wings like the back, this growing paler on the outer 

 feathers, and becoming ochraceous basally, the tip approaching whitish; secondaries 

 crossed by nine or ten narrow bands of dusky. 



Ear- tufts with the lateral portion of each web ochraceous, this becoming white, some- 

 what variegated with black, toward the end of the inner webs, on which the ochraceous 

 is broadest; median portion clear, unvariegated black. Forehead and postauricular disk 

 minutely speckled with blackish and white; facial circle continuous black, becoming 

 broken into a variegated collar across the throat. "Eyebrows" and lores grayish white ; 

 eye surrounded with blackish, this broadest anteriorly above and below, the posterior 

 half being like the ear-coverts. Face plain ochraceous; chin and upper part of the throat 

 immaculate white. Ground-color below pale ochraceous. the exposed surface of the 

 feathers, however, white; breast with broad longitudinal blotches of clear dark brown; 

 each feather and sides and flanks marked with a median stripe, crossed by as broad, 

 or broader, transverse bars, of blackish brown; abdomen, tibial plumes, and legs plain 

 ochraceons, becoming nearly white on the lower part of tarsus and on the toes; tibial 



