THE NATURE OF MATTER 177 



An acid is a negative or non-metallic substance combined with 

 hydrogen ; thus HC1 is hydrochloric acid. When a base and acid 

 are brought together, the positive component of the base usually 

 combines with the negative element or radical of the acid to form 

 a salt. The positive component thus takes the place of the 

 hydrogen of the acid. 



NaOH+HCl=NaCl+H 2 O. 



The NaCl is a salt and in this particular case it is the salt we 

 call table salt. 



The hydro- acids, like hydrochloric or chlorhydric, have no 

 oxygen. So HBr is hydrobromic acid. Knowing the -ic acid, 

 like HC10 3 , chloric acid, you can always give the formulas of 



others of the same series, for the per ic acid, like HC1O 4 , 



perchloric acid, has one more atom of O than the -ic acid; the 

 -ous acid, like HC10 2 , or chlorous acid, has one less atom of O, 



and the hypo ous acid, like HC1O, or hypochlorous acid, 



has two less than the -ic acid. 



The salts formed from the acids are readily named : 



Hydr- acids give -ide salts. NaCl is sodium chloride. 



-ous acids give -ite salts. NaC10 2 is sodium chlorite. 



-ic acids give -ate salts. NaC10 3 is sodium chlorate. 



per ic acids give per ate salts. NaClO 4 is 



sodium per chlorate. 



hypo ous acids give hypo ite salts. NaCIO is 



sodium hypochlorite. 



